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The Great Matter (Causes of Reformation (Anne Boleyn (Waited 7 years to be…

- - - - Wolsey was purposefully slowing down annulment
      - He was hostile to them
      - Anne was more involved in politics than Catherine, reducing Wolsey's influence
    - - Hated Wolsey for trying to get rid of Catherine
- - - - 'Holy Maid of Kent'
      - A political tool
      - Told prophecies of what would happen if Henry got annulment
      - Gathered a circle of admirers
      - Edward Bocking attempted to publish a book of her prophecies ('The Nun's Book')
      - Hung 1534
    - - Refused the Oath of Succession 1534
      - Resigned from Lord Chancellor in 1532 because of the Royal Supremacy
      - Sir Richard Rich: More said Henry shouldn't be Head of Church
      - Beheaded 1535
      - Cromwell: his silence his dangerous
    - - Most vocal supporter of Aragonese Faction
      - Helped Catherine with Blackfriars Court Speech 1529
      - Wrote books and sermons on the mistake of the royal supremacy
      - Refused to take Oath of Succession 1534
      - Wrote to Charles V to help restore Christian faith (invade)
      - Pope gave him a cardinals hat whilst in prison
      - Beheaded 1535
  - - - Oaths: important men must swear loyalty to new acts
      - Printed Propaganda: however there was mass illiteracy
      - Fear: execution (and the fact he was the king)
      - Laws: the Law of Treason was changed to include verbal treason
      - Cromwell: He was ruthless and personally involved in trials
      - Pulpit: main form of getting policies across. Priests who resisted had to be licensed after 1536
- - - - Strengthen reformers arguments about papal corruption
      - Would have to accept that a previous Popes decision was wrong
      - 1520's - Reformers in Germany denying Pope was Head of Church
    - - Book of Deuteronomy
      - Henry's moral obligation
      - Not illegal since Arthur was dead
    - - Charles V was a catholic leader and wanted to uphold true faith or encourage religious rebellion
      - He was scared of Charles V who'd kidnapped him
      - Catherine of Aragon's nephew
- - - - Largest opponents to Break with Rome came from monasteries
      - Monks very dedicated to Catholicism as gave up entire lives for it
    - - Religious houses being dissolved in Germany + Scandinavia
      - Ideas of Fish, Tyndale and Erasmus (criticising monastic life) were gaining popularity
    - - Church had huge financial resources
      - Henry feared a Catholic Crusade due to Popes excommunication 1538
      - Needed money for fortifications
      - Allowed Henry to stop taxation (which made him unpopular)
    - - Monasteries owned allegiance to institutions outside England
      - Henry's xenophobia
    - - Laity gained an increasing appetite for land
      - People were quick to buy monastic lands
      - Useful political purpose for Henry: pacified opposers as they got some gain
      - Brought Henry popularity and loyalty
  - - - Cultural Vandalism
      - destruction of magnificent buildings
    - - Only 6,500 out of 8,000 moved on
      - Left unemployed and homeless
    - - Monasteries were a traditional source of help for the poor
    - - sale of monastic lands meant a transfer of power
      - Powers of patronage no longer lied with the Church
      - More men had bought their way into local politics
      - Land Ownership extended down the social ladder
    - - The 2,000 nuns were not allowed to marry or become priests
      - A nun was the only female role in the Church
      - Many nuns had to go into low paid domestic work
    - - May 1543: rush to sell land (resale value of £1.3 million)
      - All money lost quickly (no long-term gains)
      - Fund wars with France + Scotland