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Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) (Risk Factors (Excessive coffee drinking…
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) 
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Acids, bile salts, aspirin, NSAIDs, alcohol, ischemia, and H. pylori can cause a breakdown of gastric mucosal barrier.
Leads to acid back diffusion into the mucosa; releasing histamine. Increasing acid and pepsin release and vasodialation and increased capillary permeability.
Further mucosal erosion, destruction of blood vessels, and bleeding. Eventually with the loss of plasma proteins into the gastric lumen, and mucosal edema ulceration occurs
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Labs: CBC, liver enzyme, serum amylase, stool examination
Positive blood, urine, breath or stool test for H. pylori
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Drug therapy
Proton Pump Inhibitors: used with antibiotics to treat ulcers caused by H. pylori. Can be prescribed or OTC.
Omeprazole (Prilosec): decrease HCl acid by inhibiting the proton pump responsible for the secretion for Hydrogen. decrease the irritation of the esophageal and gastric mucosa .
SE: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and flatulence.
Tricyclic antidepressants (Imipramine): contibute to overall pain relief & anticholinergic properties that decrease acid secretion
SE: dry mouth, warm skin, flushing, thirst, tachycardia, dilated pupils, blurred vision, and urinary retention
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References:
Lewis, S. L., Bucher, L., & Heitkemper, M. M. (2017). Medical Surgucal Nursing Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. St. Louis: Elsevier, Inc.