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Biology 1: You and Your Genes (Cells and Genetic Material (Eukaryotic…
Biology 1: You and Your Genes
Cells and Genetic Material
Eukaryotic
Nucleus - genetic material
Cytoplasm - chemical reactions
PPM
Mitochondria - contain the enzymes - aerobic respiration
Ribosomes - involved in the synthesis of proteins
Prokaryotic
No nucleus
One long circular chromosome
Plasmids - small loops of extra DNA, drug resistance
Cells and Microscopes
Light microscopes, let you see subcellular structures like nuclei and chloroplasts
Step by Step: using microscope
1) thin slice
2) clean slide + pipette to secure
3) tweezers
4) stain specimen, methylene blue is used to see DNA
5) Cover slip
6) clip prepared slide on to stage
7) lowest- powered obj lens
8) course adjustment knob
9) fine adjustment until you see clear image
10) if greater magnification needed adjust to higher powered obj lens
Genomes and Characteristics
Chromosomes are long molecules of DNA
genome - entire genetic material
plant + animal cells, genetic material is stored in the nucleus
chromosomes come in pairs (23) (46 c in total)
Each chromosome is one very long molecule of DNA, coiled up
DNA is a polymer made up of monomers
Each DNA molecule contains two strands of nucleotides, which coil together to form a double helix
Genes are Instructions in the Genome
gene is a short length of DNA
Genes codes for particular sequences of amino acids of which are put together to make a specific protein
polymerisation
Proteins control the development of characteristics
Genetic Diagrams
Genome Research and Testing
Genetic Engineering