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The Mind part 1 (THINKING or cognitive (Concept (prototypes…
The Mind part 1
THINKING or cognitive
definition: mental activities that go on in the
brain when processing, organising, understanding, or
communicating information to others
Concept
definition: it is the building block of every thought, mental grouping of a thing
eg, this is a dog
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problem solving
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problem solving methods
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heuristic: rule of thumb , based on prior experiences, that
suggests a course of action without
guaranteeing an optimal solution.
representative heuristic: categorizing objects by assuming that any object that shares characteristics with the members of a particular category also belongs to that category
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available heuristic: based on our estimation of the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is for us to think of related examples
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sub goals: breaking large problem into smaller, more manageable goals
insight: when the solution suddenly come to mind, Aha moment
intuition: effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought (gut feeling)
problem solving barriers
functional fixedness: Fixated on thinking about objects only in terms of their typical functions resulting in a mental block
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confirmation bias: tendency to favour information
that confirms one’s existing beliefs or theories, while ignoring any contradicting evidence
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reasoning
definition: purposeful mental activity that involves drawing conclusions from observations, facts, assumptions
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informal reasoning: heuristics; problems often with no
single correct solution that require evaluation of
opposing points view
reflective judgement: (Critical Thinking): ability to
evaluate and integrate evidence, consider alternative
interpretations and reach a defensible conclusion
Intelligence
the ability to learn from experience,
acquire knowledge, act purposefully, or adapt to new situations
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language
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Vygotsky theorized that language actually helped develop concepts and that language could also help the child learn to control behavior—including social behavior
Linguistic relativity hypothesis: meaning that thought processes and concepts are controlled by language. That is, the words people use determine the way which they think about the world around them.
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