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Oral Mucosa (Function (Mechanical protection against shearing and…

- - - - In non-keratinized epithelium,
        
        No cornified layer
        
        Larger spinous cells
        
        Intercellular space not obvious and no ‘prickly’ appearance
        
        No stratum granulosum
        
        Uncleared cells exist at surface
        
        Epithelium thicker
        
        Smaller basal cells
        
        Less tonofibrils
        
        Dermal papillae low and widely spaced
  - - - Filled with closely packed tonofilaments surrounded by filaggrin
      - Location: gum, hard palate, dorsum of tongue
      - Structureless (no cell outline, nucleus and granules)
      - Function: mechanical protection
    - - Flattened and wide cell layer
      - Cytoplasm mainly contains tonofilaments and tonofibrils
      - Cells contain many small basophilic keratin granules
      - Contains proflaggrin (precursor for filaggrin, which binds keratin fibres tgt)
      - Function: reduces permeability and water loss
    - - Irregular, polyhedial cells
      - Thickest layer of epithelium granules rich in phospholipids
      - Characterised by new cytokeratin types which contribute to tonofilaments which become thicker and more conspicuous
    - - Single layer of cuboidal or Low columnar cells, and stem cells
      - Stem cells produce replacement keratinocytes for layers above
      - Cells are not well differentiated
        
        Limited organelles
      - Cells connected by dermosomes, he does osmoles and gap junctions
  - - - Pigment producing cells
      - Aka dendritic cells bc of Long processes
    - - Derived from bone marrow precursors
      - Antigen presenting cells
    - - Found in stratum germinativum
      - Common in masticatory epithelia: gingival
      - Numerous mitochondria, abundant free ribosomes and granules
      - Desmosomes associated with cell membrane
    - - Large circular nucleus
      - Scant cytoplasm with few organelles
      - No desmosomes or tonofilaments
- - - - Lacks rete pegs
      - Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    - - Free (marginal) gingiva
      - Attached gingiva
      - Interdental papilla
        
        Fill space between 2 adjacent teeth
        
        Connects lingual andl buccal gingiva
        
        Lamina propria: dense connective tissue, no large vessels
        
        Dermal papillae: Long and slender
    - - Alveolar arteries through interdental septum
      - Branches of buccal mental/ palatine arteries
      - Well innervated by branches of mandibular and maxillary nerves
    - - Holds down gingiva onto tooth surface
      - Stratified squamous epithelium 12-18 cells thick
      - Shallow rete pegs
      - 2 strata: germinativum and spinosum
      - Epithelial connected to underlying connective tissue by he dies osmoles
- - - - Lamina propria with short, irregular papillae, dense connective tissues
      - Submucosa: loose connective tissue containing fat small mixed glands
    - - Epithelium similar to lip and cheek
      - Sulculus region: mucous membrane loosely connected to underlying structure and permits movement of lips and cheeks
      - Alveolar mucosa: attached loosely to periosteum and continuous with gingival
    - - Folds of mucous membrane containing loose connective tissues
    - - Stratified non-keratinized squamous type
      - Lamina propria: short papillae
      - In floor of mouth, mucosa thin, loosely attached to underlying structure —> free mobility of tongue
      - Ventral surface of tongue: smooth, relatively thin, numerous short papillae
    - - Highly vascularized on oral surface
      - Nasal surface: ciliated columnar (pseudostratified) epithelium
- - - - Arranged in rows parallel to V shaped group separating anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
    - - Mushroom shaped round and reddish prominences
      - Contains a few taste buds
      - Scattered chiefly towards the tip of the tongue
    - - Do not protrude above surface but bound by deep furrow
      - Cross section: inverted cone shape
      - Large number of taste buds
      - Serous glands of von Ebner open at bottom of furrow
- - - - Greaser and lesser palatine arteries
      - Nasopalantine artery
        
        Derived from 3rd part of maxillary arteries
    - - Branches of maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
    - - Drained backwards and by the side of soft palate to upper deep cervical glands and retropharyngeal group of lymph nodes
  - - - Blood
        
        Branches of superior alveolar vessels
      - Nerves
        
        Infraorbital nerve of maxillary division
    - - Blood
        
        superior labial branch of facial artery, labial branch of infraorbital artery
      - Nerves
        
        Descending branches of inferior alveolar bone
      - Lymph
        
        Submental, submandibular and upper cervical glands
    - - Blood
        
        Branches of inferior alveolar arteries
      - Nerves
        
        Branches of inferior alveolar nerve and Long buccal nerve
      - Lymph
        
        Submental, submandibular and upper cervical glands
    - - Blood
        
        Inferior labial branch of facial artery
      - Nerves
        
        Mental nerves
    - - Blood
        
        Lingual artery, sublingual branch and Submental artery
      - Nerve
        
        Lingual nerve
      - Lymph
        
        Submental and submandibular gland
  - - - Lingual artery branches
    - - Anterior 2/3 lingual nerve
      - Posterior 1/3 glossopharyngeal nerve
    - - From tip of tongue drains into Submental node. Side of dorsum of tongue, submandibular node. Posterior part of tongue, upper cervical groups of nodes
- - - - Keratinized in areas subject to masticatory forces
      - Junction between epithelium and lamina propria is thrown into folds called epithelial ridges or Rete pegs
        
        Interdigitate with processes of lamina propria called denural papilla (carries blood vessels and nerves)
    - - Connective tissue of mesenchymal origin
      - Provides mechanical adhesion
      - Response in tissue injury
    - - Looser connective tissue of mesenchymal origin