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KAG 2.5 (Shapes of Molecules (Tetrahedral (109.5°, Eg. CH4, 0 Lone pair, 4…
KAG 2.5
Shapes of Molecules
V- Shaped
2 Lone pairs
105°
Eg. H2O
1 Lone pair
120°
Eg. SO2
2 Bonded pairs
Tetrahedral
109.5°
Eg. CH4
0 Lone pair
4 Bonded pairs
Trigonal Planar
0 Lone pairs
120°
Eg. BCL3
3 Bonded pairs
Trigonal Pyramidal
1 Lone pair
107°
3 Bonded pairs
Eg. NH3
Linear
2 Bonded pairs
0 Lone pairs
180°
Eg. CO2
Trigonal Bipyramidal
0 Lone pairs
90° & 120°
5 Bonded pairs
Eg. PCl5
T-Shaped
2 Lone pairs
90°
3 Bonded pairs
Eg. BrF3
Octohedral
0 Lone pairs
90°
6 Bonded pairs
Eg. SF6
Square Planar
2 Lone pairs
90°
4 Bonded pairs
Eg. XeF4
Ionisation Energy
First
The energy needed to remove the outer electron from
one
mole of
Gaseous
atoms
X(g) ---> X+(g) + e-
Second
X+(g) ---> X2+(g) + e-
Third
X2+(g) ---> X3+(g) + e-
Electronegativity
Pauling's scale of elctronegativity
Increasing electronegativity left to right across the periods, and increasing bottom to top up the groups.
Most electronegative : Fluorine
Least electronegative: Caesium and Francium
A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
Electron configuration
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s,