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Periodontal Ligament (Ageing (Decrease number of fibroblasts, More…

- - - - Regenerate tooth support apparatus
        
        High turnover rate
        
        Remodel collagen; synthesize and degrade collagen
      - Adaptive response to mechanical loading
      - Regulates proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts, osteoblatss and cementoblasts
      - Histology: extensive cytoplasm, abundant organelles, >1 nucleoli
    - - Cementum forming cells lining the surface of cementum
      - HIstology: cuboidal, extensive cytoplasm, vesicular nucleus, >1 nucleoli
    - - Bone forming cells lining tooth socket
      - Histology: cuboidal, basophilic cytoplasm, prominent round nucleus, has desmosomes and tight junctions, has fine processes
    - - Found in areas where bone is being resorbed
      - Same cytoplasmic features
      - Arise from macrophage type cells
      - Osteoblasts lie in resorption cavities termed Howship’s lacunae and form a brush border which creates a sealed environment where hydrologic enzymes can be deposited to cause resorption
  - - - Aggregation of epithelial cell rests
      - Remnants of Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath
      - Closely packed cuboidal cells, dark staining
      - Separated from CT by basal lamina
      - Histology: prominent nucleus, too Fibrils, mitochondria, poorly developed rER and GA, slow cell turnover
  - - - Located near nerves and blood vessels
      - Derived from monocytes
      - Functions
        
        Phagocytosis particulate matter and invading organisms
        
        Synthesize interferon and prostaglandin to enhance growth of fibroblasts and endothelial cells
      - Histology: many microchondira, vesicles and may possess branching processes
    - - Ruffles border due to microvilli
      - Prominent GA and rER
      - Many vesicles and lysosomes
    - - Associated with blood vessels
      - Many intracytoplasmic granules
      - Degranulateds when stimulated
    - - Possess granules that consist of 1 or more crystalloid structures
      - Capable of phagocytosis
- - - - Type I
      - Produced by fibroblasts, cementoblasts, osteoblasts
      - Arranged in definite and distinct fibre bundles aka principal fibre bundles
    - - type III collagen fibres
      - Acts as supporting mesh
    - - Associated with blood vessels
    - - Bundles of microfibrils
- - - - Pain and pressure, and mechanoreception
      - Both myelinated and unmyelinated
    - - Supply periodontal blood vessels
      - Unmyelinated