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New France (The Sovereign Council (Bishop of Quebec (Because of the…
New France
The Sovereign Council
Bishop of Quebec
- Because of the Catholic church, schools, hospitals, and orphanages were founded
- Because it represents the Catholic church, the bishop provided spiritual and moral guidance
- Represented the Catholic Church
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Intendant
- Is the chief administrator of the colony
- The intendant kept the colony in order and independent, instead of relying on France for things
- Looked for ways to benefit the colony so it would benefit France
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Governor
- Had many important jobs and represented the king
- Was responsible for the colony's defenses and military
Soldiers
- After, the King encouraged soldiers to settle in the colony
- Some refused because being in the military was their only way to make a living
- Most came to New France to defend the colony from threats (Haudenosaunee, the British)
Fur Traders
Coureur de Bois
- Independent trading soon became illegal but these men still kept trading with the First Nations
- They were important because they were involved with the exploration of the land and established trading relationships with the First Nations
- It means "runner of the woods" because a few men in New France went in the forest and traded with the First Nations for their own benefit
Merchants
- They got most of their profit from the fur trade; they traded with the First Nations for furs and gave them goods and bought furs from coureur de bois
- They sent the furs to France so that they can sell it and then they would be rewarded with profit for their hard work
- The occupations of merchants were: blacksmiths, shoemakers, masons, bakers, butchers, etc.
Voyageurs
- Voyageur means "traveller"
- They travelled to places and were responsible for getting good for Aboriginal people from suppliers so they could trade
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Farmers
Habitants
- Some habitants became coureur de bois because they saw that the fur trade was an easier way to make a living instead of farming
- Some habitants became hired to become voyageurs to transport trade goods to places
- They were farmers who lived on seigneuries
Seigneurs
- People who received land (as grants) from the king
- They had to employ habitants to farm and clear their land in order to keep it
- Most were men, however others like women and people who come from non-noble families can be seigneurs too