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Labour shortages & immigration policy (Shortages & skills (Soft…
Labour shortages & immigration policy
The issue
Needs for labour
Economic growth & crisis
Skills needs
labour & skills shortages
Employer preferences
Cheap
Economic downturn
Admission channels
Shortage occupation route
Resident labour market test route
Intra-company transfers
Shortages & skills
Optimal policy
Current Wages & employment conditions
Hard-to-fill jobs
Rising wages increase supply
Size of shortages depend of the price of labour
Conceptually & empirically
low-skilled & skilled
Soft-skills
problem solving
Teamworking
Customer-heading skills
Accent style & physical appearance
Competencies & attributes
Work ethic
Employers prefer migrants
Skills, competencies & attributes
Picky
types of workers
Work ethic & attitude
Their lower expectations about wages & employment conditions
Trade-offs
Work-permits, students, working holidaymaker & dependents
Temporary visas
High skilled for low wages
Trade links
Self-regulating & self-sustaining
Alternatives
Increases wages & working conditions
Increase in working hours
Investment in training & up skilling
Increases in capital & technology
Relocatating
Switching production
Public polices
Mind the gap
Higher wages
Political issues
Exploitative employers
Lazy Britons
Public policies & social relations
More investment in the labour market
Economic downturn & budget cuts