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Utilitarianism (Act (The Hedonic Calculus (Intensity of plasure, Duration…
Utilitarianism
Act
The Hedonic Calculus
Intensity of plasure
Duration of pleasure
Certainty of pleasure
Distance to pleasure
Continuity of plasure
Likelihood of pain
Criticism
The factors of the Hedonic Calculus are subjective and difficult to measure
Counter-Criticism
Do what feels right to you
Summary
The greatest pleasure for the greatest number
Positives
Promotes positive behavior
Negatives
Could be used to justify horrific things
Sometimes there isn't enough time to think actions through
Some people are incapable of making those kinds of decisions
Preference
Summary
Disregards emotion
Prioritizes the general satisfaction of preferences over minimizing pain and maximizing pleasure
Takes into account every preference and maximize pleasure for them
Animals are equally capable of feeling pain and as such deserve equal rights
Criticism
Very hard to do correctly due to high number of opinions
Counter-Criticism
Just do the best you can
Positives
Can be universally applicable
Looks for best interest
Negatives
Not everyone shares your views
Rule
Summary
Pleasures are split into higher and lower pleasures
Higher pleasures