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Memory (Physical/Biologicallly (Hippocampus: (converts short term to long…

- - - - neurons firing together more frequently leads to easier retrieval
- - - - receives sensory input
      - Echoic Stores
        
        Auditory information
        
        lasts 2 seconds
        
        trace
      - Iconic stores
        
        visual information
        
        lasts less than a second
    - - Uses Rehearsal
      - lasts about 15-20 seconds
      - aided by chunking:
        
        creating meaningful pieces from many individual bits
    - - represented by associative network
        
        the theory that long term memory is a massive network associating ideas and concepts
        
        why mnemonic devices help stimulate our recall
        
        Priming:
        
        Activation of one concept by another
      - declarative memory:
        
        Semantic: General factual knowledge about the world and language is represented
        
        ex. concepts and memory for words
        
        content is verbalized
        
        Episodic: store of personal knowledge experience
        
        when, where, with whom, and what happened in the EPISODE of our lives
      - Procedural memory (non-declarative):
        
        series of memories for motor skills
        
        reflected in skills and actionx
        
        Explicit Memory:
        
        conscious or intentional memory retrieval
        
        Recognition: deciding whether a stimulus is familiar
        
        target stimuli are provided to you
        
        Recall: spontaneous memory retrieval
        
        you retrieve target information/stimuli on your own
        
        Cued recall: hints given to trigger memory
        
        ex. Essays, fill-in-the-blank, short answer questions
        
        Implicit Memory:
        
        memory influencing behaviour without awareness
      - Serial position effect: (two fold)
        
        Recency effect
        
        increased ability to recall the last thing you learned
        
        Primacy effect
        
        the first concept/idea presented is easily recalled, equal to recency effect
      - Dual-coding Theory:
  - - - Visual coding
      - phonological coding
      - semantic
        
        by stimulus
      - motor encoding
- - - - Suggestive Questionning is very effective in young minds.
        
        observers could not tell false memories from true tales, because the children believed the new facts