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Fuel cell (Chapter 1 (Fuel cell applications (Combined heat & water…

- - - - Fuel cell can produce
      - battery store
      - Fuel cell had by product
  - - - oxegn
      - hydrogen
        
        Properties
        
        tasteless
        
        can't be seen
        
        lightest gas
        
        odorless
        
        plateful
        
        but need pure hydrogen to use
        
        High explosives
    - - water
      - heat
    - - electrical :
  - - - Anode - Positive, Cathode - negative
      - chemical converted to electrical
      - Reaction is sopnatneous
    - - Anode - Negative, Cathode - positive
      - electrical converted to chemical
      - Reaction not sponatneous
  - - - Diffusion media layer
        
        GDL for short
        
        add layer
        
        Micro-porous later (MPL)
      - Membare
        
        Electrodes
        
        Anode & Cathode
        
        A rod
        
        Electrolyte
        
        battery water
      - Catatlyst layer
        
        made out platimum
      - Bipolar plate
    - - 2 Electrochemical reaction
      - 3 ionic & electronic conductions
      - 1 Reactant transport
      - 4By-product removal
  - - - power range 1KW
      - efficiency 92%
    - - power range 2W - 5W
    - - power range 3KW -5KW
  - - - quick start up
      - environmental friendly
      - High power density
      - quiet operation
    - - complex fuel reformation
      - CO sensitive
      - High production cost
- - - - Ohmic polarization
      - Concentration polarization
        
        FC break down
        
        Reactant less then supply
      - Activation polarization
  - - - at max Resistance internal = external
      - power trade off with efficiency
      - power fuel cells use ...
        
        current transport
      - more power, more current
    - - actcual
        
        0.7 volt
      - theoretcial
        
        1.23 volt
    - - one mountain
      - top of curve = max power
    - - High load region
    - - decrease size of gas
      - thin bioprod
  - - - more voltage more effici
      - heat take away effici
      - larger surface area for better efficieny
    - - Voltage efficiency
      - Energy efficiency
        
        nStack = Pout/Pin
        
        need to know
        
        great low load range
    - - Happen in low load region
        
        of power curve
  - - - membrane Durability
  - - - Fenton test
        
        Membrane durability
      - prevention
        
        add fluorine gas
    - - Chemical attacks
        
        decrease of conductivity, hydrophobicity
- - - - Anode GDL (gas Diffusion Layer)
      - Cathode catalyst layer
      - Anode catalyst layer
      - Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)
        
        Center pics of MEA
      - Cathode GDL ( Gas Diffusion Layers)
  - - - Do
        
        hydrated
        
        allows hydrogen ions though
        
        Prevent gases and electrons though
        
        Prevents H2/O2 contact
        
        Thermal Stability
      - Proton Exchange Membrane
        
        Regoins
        
        3.ion clusters
        
        transport water
        
        Teflon
        
        provides strength
        
        water proof
        
        2.side chain
        
        connector
        
        layout
        
        use for proton exchange
        
        polymer materials whole
        
        This of fuel cells
    - - made
        
        Stainless steal
        
        corrosion over time
        
        graphite
        
        very britter
      - Functions
        
        help dispirit heat
        
        reactant transport
        
        strange support MEB
        
        Facilitates water removal
    - - Functions
        
        H+ irons/protons pass
        
        insulation of H2/O2
        
        Separate the two reactions
        
        Reductions (leaves)
        
        Oxidation (enter)
      - increases performance
        
        add surface area
        
        use oxygen only
        
        make particles smaller
      - made out
    - - Functions
        
        electrical transport
        
        reactant transfer
        
        Liquid handling
        
        heat transfer
        
        level compression level
      - Materials
        
        Carbon
        
        Cloth
        
        Paper
      - Micro-porous later (MPL)
        
        Functions
        
        reduced clog and flooding
        
        create more smaller water droplets
        
        improve surface flatness
        
        effective removing of liquid
        
        for Cathode catalyst layer
  - - - stack power
        
        Pout =Vst . I
      - stack voltage
        
        one volt * num stack =
      - stack current
        
        current density * cell area =
        
        area = cm^2
        
        Current density unlit
        
        mA/cm^2
    - - no leak
      - cooling
      - conductivity
      - good seal
      - corrosion free
      - voltage over power
      - Area and cells ,num
- - - - Water & Thermal
        
        Water management
        
        water control
        
        Reactants Humidifications
        
        Heat remover
        
        supply water to membrane
        
        Thermal
        
        objective
        
        prevent overheat
        
        ensure voltage constanst
        
        because voltage change in heat
        
        types of cooling
        
        Passive
        
        normal room temp
        
        no add on
        
        Active
        
        aircon system
        
        had add on
        
        types
        
        Fan
        
        Liquid cooling
        
        water drive system
        
        heat exchanger
        
        unwanted cool is use
        
        CHP
      - power electronics
        
        subsystem consist
        
        power inversion
        
        convert DC to AC
        
        monitor control system
        
        Monitoring
        
        Actuation
        
        use PLC
        
        power regulation
        
        ensure voltage constant
        
        Varying loads
        
        types set up
        
        Boost converter
        
        DC/DC converter (buck Converter)
        
        Formula of buck
        
        Buck Curits
        
        power supply managment
        
        mange the supply
        
        objective
        
        sure voltage variation
        
        monitoring & control
      - Fuel Cell
      - fuel deliverying
    - - Parasitic-power component/device
- - - - Liquid Hydrogen
      - Advantage
        
        Quick refill
        
        efficient transport
        
        High storage density
        
        Developed techology
      - DisAdvantage
        
        Energy loss
        
        time & freezing loss energy
        
        Advanced inulation
        
        container must be able contain
        
        Safety concerns
    - - Advantage
        
        Reversible
        
        Low energy
        
        low pressure
        
        Safety use
      - Disavatages
        
        super heavy
        
        impurities sensitivity
      - store as solid object
    - - Disadvantages
        
        low density
        
        high energy
        
        slow refill
        
        flammability
      - Advantages
        
        better then cryogenic
        
        preparation
        
        Equipment
        
        Developed Technology
- - - - Charge carrier
        
        O=
      - Very high temp
      - application
        
        power use
        
        electrical power genrateion
      - gas works
        
        CH4
        
        CO
      - Catalyst
        
        Anode
        
        YSZ
      - Pros
        
        High tempture
      - Electrolyte
        
        Ceramic
        
        solid
    - - Cons
        
        easy CO poising
        
        lack water
        
        Require pure
        
        O2
        
        H2
        
        can't be use normal atm
      - Prons
        
        long hours
        
        cheap
        
        instant start
        
        low temperature
        
        one best efficient
        
        can only compare with PEMFC
      - Charge carrier
    - - Charge carrier
        
        H+
      - Fuel
        
        Hydrogen
        
        Hydrocoarbon
      - Pros
        
        High temperature restraint
        
        reuse heat enrgy
        
        Internal reforming
      - power density lower then PEMFC
    - - Charge carrier
        
        H+
      - Pros
        
        no complex reactants process
        
        no need cooling
        
        no reforming
        
        Quick start up
      - applications
        
        Small devices
        
        small vehicles
      - Cons
        
        low power desity
        
        10 time more catalyst
        
        low efficiency
        
        CO poising
    - - Charge carrier
        
        H+
      - most stanard use
      - Highest power destiny
    - - Charge carrier
        
        CO3=
      - pros
        
        reuse CO2
        
        no CO2 emsstion
      - application
        
        power use
        
        electrical power genrateion
      - Cons
        
        breaks down very easy
        
        corrosion of damage
        
        CO posioing
      - Electrolyte
        
        lithium carbon
        
        salt mixture
      - Catalys
        
        Anode
        
        Nickel or cobalt
        
        cathode
        
        Lithaited
        
        nickel oxide
      - High tempture