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Motivation 1 (Expectancy Theory (explains motivation in terms of the…
Motivation 1
Expectancy Theory
explains motivation in terms of the expectations that people have about their ability to perform effectively on the job & about the kinds of rewards they expect to obtain if they do perform effectively
Effort-Performance Relationship: the degree to which the individual believes that his effort will lead to performance
Performance-Reward Relationship: the degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level will lead to attainment of desired outcomes/rewards
Reward-Personal Goals Relationship: the degree to which the rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals/needs & the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual
Needs Theories
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Alderfer's ERG Theory
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Growth (G): an intrinsic desire for personal development & to fulfill potential by seeking new opportunities & overcoming new challenges
Frustration-Regression Dimension: failure to meet higher-level needs can result in regression to a lower-level need
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Equity Theory
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Outcomes: E.g. pay, recognition, benefits, promotion etc.
Inputs: E.g. education, experience, effort, ability etc.
To reduce inequity: changing their inputs or outcomes, distorting perceptions of self or others, choosing a different referent, leaving the job
Definition
defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal
Key Elements
Intensity: how hard a person tries Direction: effort is channelled in a direction that benefits the organisation Persistence: how long a person can maintain effort
Motivation Process
Unsatisfied Need - Tension - Drives/Motives - Search Behaviour - Satisfied Need - Reduction of Tension