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Self (social construct) & Identity (Reflexivity (Self Conception…
Self (social construct)
& Identity
Reflexivity
Self Conception
arises and is
continually modified
with interactions with others
Process of identity formation
Feedback in a social environment; a place to integrate ourselves
Multitude of selves
friends in the city
gym buddies
family
groups/institutions
cultural and social norms
DESIRED SELVES
POSSIBLE
IDEAL
OUGHT
Social Identity
defined by
group membership
, eg gender; belonging to females, cat owners
Brewer & Gardner, 96
3 Identities:
INDIVIDUAL
SOCIAL
RELATIONAL
Group Identity
Relational Identity
dyadic
relationships that assimilate the self to other persons
Collective Identity
ANDERSON & CHEN, 2002
Mental representations of sum1 ---> treat others in same way COZ another person's features remind us of them
Personal Identity
personal traits
:check: overestimate our +ve aspects
Dunning 2005
**B - Beliefs
F - feelings
V - values
E - expectations
G - goals**
ATTACHMENT PROCESSES
Attachment Theory, Bowlby '69
Primary Caregiver
:check:consistent/responsive = +ve self worth
:red_cross:inconsistent/unresponsive = -ve self concept / distrust
HAZAN & SHAVER, '94
others can't be trusted
Gain insight by:
-Introspection
-self reflection
-Observation
:red_cross:UNCONSCIOUS AND AUTOMATIC PROCESSING -Unaware of causes of behaviour, e.g.
WILSON & NISBETT, 78
RECENCY EFFECT AS LATTER WERE SCORED AS BETTER QUALITY
IDENTICAL NYLON STOCKINGS
SO SELF IS INACCURATE OR UNCONSCIOUS OR BIASED
We make similar attributions to ourselves as we do to others
Ability to observe ourselves, eg, relieved after presentation
we only attribute to internal states if the situation alone is insufficient to have caused the behaviour
e.g. must have been more stressed by the presentation than originally thought. so *we take into account rewards / punishments / situational pressures
:red_cross:
SELF PERCEPTION IS ALSO LIMITED
SEE OVERJUSTIFICATION EFFECT; intrinsic diminishes with external reward
:red_cross:tendency for
an
overjustification effect
DECI & RYAN, 1985*
BEM, 72 - SELF PERCEPTION THEORY
INTROSPECTION
LIMITED
BECAUSE WE ARE MOTIVATED TO
AVOID UNWANTED THOUGHTS AND EXPERIENCES
MACRAE ET AL, 94
Avoidance of stereotypical thinking - written papers suppression condition sat further away from seat with clothes
PERSONAL
SOURCES OF SELF KNOWLEDGE
INTERPERSONAL
SOURCES OF SELF KNOWLEDGE
SUBLIMINAL POPE VS ZAJONC -
BALDWIN ET AL 1990
EVALUATED THEMSELVES AS LESS MORAL AND +ANXIOUS
ONLY IF PRACTISING CATHOLICISM
Who are you?
Constructed
Maintained &
Changed
Social Comparison
FESTINGER 54
