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Conception and Child Development (Birth Control (Intrauterine Device (IUD)…
Conception and Child Development
Menstrual Cycle
Different phases:
Menstrual (flow) phase: lining of the uterus is shed and bleeding occurs (Days 1-5)
Follicular phase: follicle in the uterus matures and egg is prepared (Days 5-14)
Ovulation: uterine lining is at its thickest and the egg is released from the ovary (around Day 14)
Luteal phase: the ruptured follicle closes and forms corpus luteum, increasing the amount of progesterone (Days 15-28)
Hormones Used
Estrogen:
Main female hormone in the development and maintenance of the female body
Produced in the ovaries
Increases the production of LH
Progesterone:
Maintains the thick lining of the uterus
Helps maintain pregnancy
Stimulates growth of blood vessels
Luteinizing hormone (LH):
Stimulates the release of the egg from the uterus
Stimulates the production of progesterone
Produced in the pituitary gland
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH):
Stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen
Stimulates the development of a follicle in the ovary, where the fertilized egg will mature and ripen
Produced in the pituitary gland
What is it?
Monthly series of changes in a woman's body
Done to prepare for the possibility of pregnancy
Cycle lasts 28 days on average
Starts around puberty, and ends around 50 (menopause)
Birth Control
Intrauterine Device (IUD):
A device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy
Stops sperm from reaching the eggs, stopping fertilization
Can be used up to 5 days after unprotected sex
More than 99% effective even after unprotected sex
Male Condoms:
A form of barrier that is a covering placed around the penis
98% effective if used properly
Abstinence:
Involves not participating in sexual activity
100% effectiveness
Fertility Awareness:
Natural contraceptive
Involves planning around the female's ovulation and time in the menstrual cycle (knowing the best and worst times to get pregnant)
76-88% effective
Tubal Ligation:
A surgical procedure that blocks your fallopian tubes
A permanent solution to pregnancy
More than 99% effective
"Morning-after Pill":
An emergency contraceptive that stops the body from releasing an egg
Most effective up to 3 days after unprotected sex
Costs a lot more than many other birth control methods
89-95% effective, depending on when used
Vasectomy:
A procedure done to prevent pregnancy
Vas deferens, which carry sperm to the semen, are cut
Almost 100% effective
Developmental Milestones
Embryo and Fetal Development
Month 5:
Baby may begin to move
Baby's skin is covered in a white coating called vernix caseosa, which protects the baby's skin from the amniotic fluid
10 inches long and weights 1/2 lb
Month 6:
Skin is reddish in colour
Finger and toe prints are visible
Eyes begin to open
12 inches long and weighs 2 lbs
Month 4
Eyelids, hair, eyelashes, eyebrows and nails are formed
Reproductive organs are fully formed
6 inches long and weighs 4 ounces
Month 7:
Develops body fat reserves
Hearing is fully developed
Responds to sounds, pain and light
Month 3:
Baby's arms, hands, fingers, feet, and toes are fully formed
All organs are now present
Baby becomes fully formed, and will just continue to grow
4 inches long and weighs 1 ounce
Month 9:
Baby drops down to the pelvis
Lungs are nearly fully developed
Becomes more coordinated
18-20 long and weights about 7 lbs
Month 2:
Arms, legs, fingers, toes, and eyes begin to form
Nervous system starts to form
Digestive tract and sensory organs begin to form
1 inch long and weighs 1/30 ounces
Month 8:
Baby can see and hear
Most internal systems are fully developed, except lungs
18 inches long and weights about 5 lbs
Month 1:
Amniotic sac and placenta form
Face starts to develop
1/4 inch long
Heart beats 65 times/min
Child Development
7 months:
Able to sit unsupported
Able to grab objects
Will have begun teething
Able to recognize some patterns
3 months:
Able to hold their head up for short periods of time
Can wave arms and flail legs
Able to recognize mom and dad
Interacts with other people
36 months:
May be able to draw and write
Social skills will be improving
Should be able to hold a small conversaton
Be able to dress themselves
May not need naps anymore
24 months:
Can arrange things in order
Can say a few sentences in a conversation
Can follow simple instructions
Around the age to start potty training
12 months:
Able to take first steps
Develops separation anxiety
Able to use certain objects, such as a spoon
Stages of Labour
Stage 2:
Occurs when the cervix is fully dilated
Birth of the baby may be as short as 30 minutes away
Requires pushing by the mother in order to deliver the baby
Stage 1:
Occurs when the cervix opens to 10 cm dilated
Lasts 6-36 hours for first-time mothers
"Breaking your water", which means the amniotic sac has ruptured
Labour occurs when contractions are more than 1 minute in length and occur every 5 minutes
Stage 3:
Occurs after childbirth, and delivers the placenta
Weaker contractions will occur again
The placenta will be pushed through the vagina