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Helicobacter pylori (Pathophysiology (Mechanism of tissue injury (Direct…

- - - - Flagella
        
        allow the bacteria to be
        motile in viscous
        mucus
      - Urease:
        
        generates
        ammonia
        from urea
        
        elevating gastric pH
        around the
        organisms and
        protecting them from
        the acidic secretions
      - Adhesins:
        
        (glue-like material) enhance
        bacterial adherence to
        surface foveolar
        cells, it is not going to
        be sloughed off with food,
        it is going to persist and
        cause more inflammation
      - Toxins,
        
        such as that encoded by
        cytotoxin-associated gene A
        (CagA),
        proteases and phospholipase
        that lead to injury and
        chronic inflammation
        which will result in metaplasia
        then dysplasia then cancer
    - - Bacterial products
        lead to
        inflammation
      - ↑ production of cytokines
        as IL-1, IL-6 … that recruits
        inflammatory
        cells with subsequent
        inflammation and
        tissue damage.