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AOS3 (IMPORTANT FEATURES (Improvisation- this is the defining aspect of…
AOS3
IMPORTANT FEATURES
Improvisation- this is the defining aspect of jazz and there are a lot of commonly known 'licks' and patterns that musicians learn to guide their improvisation, which can be done in any key
Changes- this is the change of chords, and the pattern by which they change (e.g. 12-bar blues or 32-bar song form). and most jazz musicians will learn the most common 'standards' and be able to play them on demand in any key
Tone and timbre- there are many ways jazz musicians alter the sound of a note, such as fast or slow vibrato, rough and breathy tones, mutes, and the level of attack on notes
Blues intonation- blue notes are usually a flattened 3rd, 5th or 7th
Walking bass- most early jazz bass parts were march-like and tonic-dominant, and the walking bass emerged in the 30's, keeping the beat and also rising and falling and working around scales and broken chords
Swing- as well as being the jazz style in the 30s and 40s, it also describes the rhythmic feel of the era. Jazz gave the straight-eighth-notes of ragtime a different feel by lengthening the first in a pair and shortening the second, making it feel 'swung'.
EARLY JAZZ
This era of jazz is during the 1920's, and features included: small groups, polyphnic texture, a rhythm section, and a chorus structure
Jelly Roll Morton- grew up in a Creole family, worked as a musician and as a pimp and gambler
Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five- they only worked together in recordings, and not in live performances;
Armstrong's trumpet solos were characterised by: a powerful tone with use of vibrato, shakes and falls; inventive improvisation; the replacement of straight ragtime quavers with swing; freedom with rubato and syncopation; scat, where the vocals of the singer imitate noises of an instrument
Band would consist of- clarinet, trumpet, trombone, piano, banjo, double bass/tuba, and some form of drums
ORIGINS OF JAZZ
Ragtime- in demand in the 1890's, was mainly written for piano and later published for ensemble, used a march-style accompaniment, a syncopated melody, and several contrasting sections with different themes
New Orleans
There were a large amount of CREOLES (people of French ancestry) due to New Orleans being in Spanish and French hands for a short period- however, the population was also largely black and American in the uptown areas
The style of jazz is said to have begun in Storyville, (or 'The District'), which was riddled with violence and prostitution, and closed down in 1917 due to public outcry- the role of Storyville as the beginning of jazz can be seem as exaggerated though
SWING
Around the 1920's, swing emerged, characterised a lot by the larger bands, usually playing at dance venues; arrangements became more important with bands of a larger size
Bandleaders, such as Fletcher Henderson and Jimmie Lunceford, established the big band sound
Sections of instruments: trumpets, trombones, saxophones and clarinets
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