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Groups Essay (Organisational Behaviour, 7 edition (Group formation…

- - - - Conflict stage in the groups life and can be an uncomfortable period. Fight over who's in charge.
      - Members bargain with each other with each other as they try to sort out what each of them want individually. Personal goals are revealed members may resit control of other group members and may show hostility.
    - - Cohesion stage, the members of the group develop ways of working to develop closer relationships and camaraderie.
      - Working rules are established in terms of norms of behaviour and role allocation. A framework is therefore created in which each group member can relate to the others and the questions of agreeing expectations and dealing with failure to meet members' expectations are addressed.
      - Members feel that they have overcome conflict, have gelled and experience a sense of groupness.
      - On the task side, there is an increase in data flow as members become more prepared to more open about their goals.
    - - This is the orientation stage, at which a set of individual have not yet gelled.
      - Everyone is busy finding out about each other's attitudes and backgrounds, and establishing ground rules. Members are also keen to fix their personal identities in the group and make a personal impression on the others. In the personal relations area, members are dependant on some leader to provide them with structure in the form of ground rules and an agenda for activities. Task-wise, they seek orientation as to what they are being asked to do, what the issues are, and whether everyone understands the task.
    - - Developed an effective structure, and it is concerned with actually getting on with the job in hand and accomplishing objectives.
      - Not all groups develop to this stage, but may become bogged down in an earlier, and less productive stage. In personal relations, interdependence becomes a feature. Members are equally happy working alone, in subgroups or as a single unit. Collaboration and functional completion occur between them. On the task side, there is a high commitment to the objective, jobs are well defined and problem-solving activity ensues.
    - - The group may disband, either because the task has been achieved or because the members have left.
      - May reflect on their time together, and ready themselves to go their own ways.
- - - - Sharp focus on the task in hand. The group starts to hammer out what it must accomplish and the methods it will use.
      - Signs of cooperation and sensitivity to others start to appear and the rules for social interaction are established. Although these are not set down in a formal way, they become the code of conduct that regulates group activities and makes future behaviour more predictable. This helps to reduce future ambiguities and gives the group a firmer foundation that makes it ready to pass into the next stage.
      - More comfortable and rewarding for those involved.
    - - Structures and procedures are now in place and the group is ready to get on with the job in hand.
      - Performing a fully functioning group performing the task
      - If the group has successfully passed through the previous 3 stages....... the social aspects of the group complement each other.
      - Members are not only mutually supportive and flexible, but have also learned to trust each other and the group is better equipped to preform its role effectively.
    - - This is when the members of the group now know one another, so personal views and opinions about the task conflict forms within the group
      - Highly uncomfortable stage for everyone. Sometimes the bonds and alliances made in the first stage are broke, and new ones are formed. However, this stage has a highly positive function. Before convergences can take place, it is usually necessary for polarised views to come out into the open and unless this happens, differences can remain beneath the surface unresolved problems.
      - This stage is vital if the group is eventually to fuse into one that can effectively accomplish it's task and, if it is not skilfully handled, the group can fragment into cliques or cabals that carry on afterwards .
      - However, if the group successfully comes through this stage, it is ready to pass on to the next one, which is often much more comfortable and rewarding for those involved.
    - - Adjourning prepares to leave the group, wraps up activities
      - Refers to the disbanding of the group, perhaps because people move on or because its task has been completed.
      - People tend to reflect nostgically on their positive feelings about the group's achievements and other group members, adjournment is said to be full of sadness and anxiety ... particularly relevant...... temporary groups and teams ....
    - - When people first come together they are little more than a collection of individuals, who at best recognise that they have come together to achieve something, but as yet have no clear consensus about what it is, or how it will be done.
      - Little focus on completing the task and people will probably devote their time to getting to know each other.
      - Essentially a collection of individuals