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How have humans influenced the inheritance of traits (Selective Breeding…
How have humans influenced the inheritance of traits
Selective Breeding
Examples
Domesticated dogs which are kept are house pets are all selectively bred. years ago the only ancestor of dogs were wolves which were much bigger and surely not used for a household. But after several countries started selectively breeding them, the wolves became different breeds of dogs that most people see everyday
Even if most are, sometimes selective breeding is not done on purpose. For example, because of the rising amount of fishers, only the big fish caught were kept to be eaten, This kept only the small fish left to mate leading currently t o smaller fish caught by fishers
Advantages
Most of the time selective breeding is done purposefully. The reason why is is used in large amounts is because it removes unwanted traits such as in corn production because of selective breeding we have more corn on each cob to eat
Disadvantages
Although selective breeding can be useful at some times. if used incorrectly it can cause many problems. for example, nowadays some organisms are inbred to give people a higher chance of getting those wanted traits off of an organism. this is a very big problem because when an organism is inbred it usually causes mental and physical issues around the body
Selective breeding is when humans choose what 2 organisms mate by their phenotypic traits
Gene Therapies
Adding or removing genes to prevent or cure genetic diseases from forming
Examples
Lukemia is a lethal genetic disorder that causes abnormal blood cells. This type of mutation is a deletion. until today we are not sure if gene therapy would work with leukemia but because we know which genes to target for that disease unlike pancreas cancer. This is because we do not know which genes cause that cancer so we can't target those specific mutations
Gene therapy can be used to cure cystic fibrosis which is a deletion genetic disease that is passed down by recessive genes that can cause blocking in the lungs or intestines which makes it a very harmful disease. But with genetic therapy if we added the gene to the DNA then it would cure Cystic Fibrosis
Advantages
It can cure defective cells by replacing, adding, or deleting a gene for the organisms DNA
Disadvantages
If genetic therapy was done to a certain degree it can change the human gene pool. This means that we will have completely different genes from our ancestors
GMO's
Disadvantages
Because GMO's usually will kill insects when eaten, some important insects such as bees can drop by population around the world just because of GMO's. This can lead to a loss of wildlife around the world
Advantages
Because most GMO's are crops, it is very useful that they resist pests and don't need pesticides. this is very useful because non GMO's cost a lot of money and can be harmful if the wrong pesticides are used
An organism that has been genetically altered by its DNA
Examples
In agriculture, GMO have been utilized in fruits and vegetables. By using recombinant DNA technology, the genes of the crops are modified to make them juicier, larger in size, longer lasting, and contain more vitamins. Until today 80% – 90% of our everyday foods are genetically modified
With recent studies, scientists have taken surgery and organ transplants to a new level by creating a pig that grows human organs. This pig was genetically modified to grow human comparable organs which can be used for transplants with patients. This is very useful because in 2017 there are currently 120000 people waiting for organs but with much less organ donors now