Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme Disease (Treatments (People bitten by a tick…
Borrelia Burgdorferi
Lyme Disease
-
Prevention Methods
Prevention methods include: using insect repellant, removing ticks promptly,and applying pesticides/
-
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection that is spread through the bite of one of several types of ticks.
Stage 1 Symptoms
Flu like symptoms which include: fever and chills, headache, joint pains, muscle aches, and stiff neck.
A "bull's eye" rash, a flat or slightly raised red spot at the site of the tick bite may appear. Often there is a clear area in the center.
Stage 2 Symptoms
Symptoms that may occur weeks to months after the tick bite which include: Numbness or pain in the nerve area,
Paralysis or weakness in the muscles of the face
Heart palpitations, chest pain, or shortness of breath
Stage 3 Symptoms
Symptoms that may occur months or years after the infection which include: abnormal muscle movement, joint swelling. muscle weakness, numbness and tingling, speech problems. and cognitive problems
Treatments
People bitten by a tick should be watched closely for at least 30 days to see if a rash or symptoms develop.
A single dose of the antibiotic doxycycline may be given to someone soon after being bitten by a tick
A 10 day to 4-week course of antibiotics is used to treat people who are diagnosed with Lyme disease, depending on the choice of drug
Common antibiotic choices include doxycycline, amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefuroxime, and ceftriaxone.
Pain medicines, such as ibuprofen, are sometimes prescribed for joint stiffness.
History
Lyme disease was recognized as a separate entity in 1976 because of geographic clustering of children in the Lyme, Connecticut, area who were thought to have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. (The Journal of Clinical Investigation)
Movement and Structure
-
Corkscrew, flat wavelike shape
It has an outer membrane and inner membrane with a thin layer of peptidoglycan in between. The outer membrane lacks lipopolysaccharide.
It is a motile spirochete
7 to 11 bundled perisplasmic flagella set at each end that allow the bacterium to move in low- and high-viscosity media
Borrelia burgdorferi is a slow-growing microaerophilic spirochete with a doubling time of 24 to 48 hours.
Life Cycle
-
After molting to the nymphal stage, infected ticks feed on a broad range of animals
After the nymphs molt to the adult stage, they exclusively feed on larger mammals, which are often not competent hosts for B. burgdorferi
Infection of Host
-
The larval and nymphal feedings are important for maintaining the spirochete. The small size of the nymphs makes them difficult to detect and, hence, more likely to feed long enough to transmit the spirochete and cause Lyme disease.
This bacteria typically infects vertebrae animals: small mammals, lizards, birds, etc.
Humans are also infected
Tick offspring's aren't born with the bacteria. It is acquired from infected rodents during larval stage.
-
-
Ticks can transmit to humans but, humans are a dead end host.