Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Unit 4 (Module 18 (Wavelength- distance between the peak of one light or…
Unit 4
Module 18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Rods- Retina receptors that detect black, white and grey- good for peripheral vision, twilight vision and when cones don't respond
-
Blind Spot- Point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye- blind because no receptor cells are located there
-
-
-
Three Color Theory- theory that the retina contains three color receptors- red, green and blue
Opponent Processing Theory- theory that opposing neural processes (red-green , yellow-blue) enable color vision
Module 19
-
Figure Ground- The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out (Proximity, Continuity/patterns, Closure)
-
-
-
-
Retinal disparity- A binocular cue for perceiving depth- by comparing the images from the retinas- the brain computes distance -- the greater the difference the closer the objects are
Monocular cues- Depth cues- such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone
-
-
-
Perceptual Adaptation- In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displayed field
Module 16
Sensation: process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from the environment
Perception: process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
Bottom Up Processing: analysis that comes from input from the SENSES
Top Down Processing: analysis that is guided from past EXPERIENCES
Selective Attention: the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus i.e. Cocktail Party Effect
Inattentional Blindness: failing to notice visible objects when attention is direct elsewhere
Change Blindness: failing to notice changes in the environment
Choice Blindness: failing to notice changes in the environment
Popout: stimuli that draws out attention
Psychophysics: study of relationship between the physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience Transduction: 1. Receive sensory stimuli 2. Transform into neural impulses 3. Deliver neural info to the brain
Absolute Threshold: the minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time (Fechner)
Signal Detection Theory: detection depends on experience, expectations, motivation, alertness
Subliminal: stimuli before absolute threshold
Priming: predisposition to perception
Difference Threshold: minimum difference needed to be detected half the time (Weber)
-
Module 20: Hearing
-
The Ear
3 parts: Outer ear, middle ear, inner ear
-
Middle Ear: chamber between the eardrum and cochlea. Holds three tiny bones-- hammer, anvil, stirrup-- that focus the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
Inner Ear: Innermost part of the ear (duh) that holds the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs
Cochlea: A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses
Deafness
Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness
Conduction Hearing Loss: Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea
-
Cochlear Implant: A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea
Theories
Place Theory: theory that links pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated
Frequency Theory: theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch.
-
Module 17
Perceptual Set: a mental predisposition to perceiver one thing and not another, affects taste, ability to perceive truth Schemas: pre-existing concepts from previous experiences
Extrasensory Perception (ESP): perception without sensory input, Telepathy, Clairvoyance, Precognition
Parapsychology: study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis
