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FATTY ACIDS and POLYKETIDES :explode: (Prostaglandins (PGE1 (Vasodilation,…
FATTY ACIDS and POLYKETIDES :explode:
Saturated fixed oil
Coconut oil
Easily absorbed from GI - for individuals with fat absorption problem
Antacids
Haemorrhoid cream
Etc.
Palm
Palm kernel oil
Contain higher amount of lauric acid
Palm oil
Used as suppository base
Richest source in
carotenoids
Monounsaturated fixed oil
Castor oil
Purgative
- due to ricinoleic acid
Have
high acetyl value
- due to ricinoleic acid
Ricins
-toxic to be used as cattle food
used to prepare
undecylenic acid
- used in
fungistatic action
Polyethoxylated castor oil
- a non-ionic surfactant used to prepare
I.V preparations
of drug with low aqueous solubility
Olive oil
Soaps, plasters etc.
Vehicle in parenteral preparations
for oil soluble drugs
Prevent
colonic carcinogenesis
- action on prostaglandins
Keep heart and arteries flexible
Arachis oil
(peanut oil)
Adulterants of olive oil
Preparation of
emulsion and cream
Solvent for
intramuscular
injections
Ingredient for camphorated oil
Polyunsaturated oil
Soybean oil
Richest source of
lecithin
Contain
stigmasterol
Important for sex hormone synthesis
Corn oil
:
Limit blood cholesterol level due to
high unsaturation
Used to prepare
carriers for Vitamin E
and
capsule
Lin seed oil
Paint industry
- due to high percentage of
linolenic acid
that thickens on exposure of air (drying oil)
High iodine values
Used as poultice to make demulcent preparations
Antibacterial
properties - against
Staphylococcus aureus
strains
Sunflower oil
:
Richest source of
Vitamin E
and
ALA
Cod liver oil
Acid value<1.2
High iodine value
Unsaponifiable matter <1.5%
Richest source of
Vitamin A, Vitamin D, EPA and DHA
Used to treat
rickets
(vitamin D)
Relief of rheumatic pains and joint and muscle stiffness
Lower blood cholesterol
Evening primrose oil
Richest source of
GLA
Prostaglandins are formed from GLA
Treat
Post Menopausal Syndrome
Prostaglandins
PGF-2α
Stimulation of uterus
Used in
abortion of second trimester
Very short half-life - due to presence of 15-OH
(15S)-methylPGF - 2α
Augmenting labour
when ergometrine eor oxytocin are ineffective
Administered as tromethamine salt in IM injection
PGE2
Induce abortions during early to middle stages of pregnancy
Induce labour
at end of trimester
Can cause vasoconstriction and hence
hypertension
at
high dose
PGE1
Vasodilation
Inhibits platelet aggregation
Used to maintain
newborns with congenital heart defects
Treatment for male impotence
methyl-16-hydroxyPGE1 methyl ester
15-OH switch to 16-OH and methylated at C16
Orally active
Reduce GI ulceration
- better if taken with NSAIDs
Contraindicated to pregnant woman
- may induce abortion
PGI2
Inhibit
blood clotting during dialysis
Iloprost
- more stable analogue
Latanoprost
Synthesised from PGF2α
Treat glaucoma
