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ANTIBIOTIC MECHANISMS (INHIBITION OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS (Vancomycin and…
ANTIBIOTIC MECHANISMS
INHIBITION OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
Vancomycin and beta-lactams e.g. penicillins
Inhibits peptide linkage between glycan units, or release of glycan unit from essential lipid carrier
Glycan unit = N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid
INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
30S ribosome subunit
Amingoglycosides and tetracyclines
Inhibition of tRNA entry
50S ribosome subunit
Macrolides e.g. erythromycin
Inhibition of peptide linkage
DISRUPTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
Inhibiting DNA coiling
Quinolones
Reactive Oxygen Species intermediate
Metronidazole
ANTIMETABOLITE
Sulphonamides
Trimethroprim
AlTERATION OF CELL MEMBRANE
Polymyxins
Bacitracin
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Natural
Vertical transfer via rare genetic mutation
Active efflux pump for specific antibiotic
Enzymes that ALTER the antibiotic
Enzymes that DEGRADE the antibiotic
Acquired (Horizontal)
Conjugation - Transfer of resistant genes via sex pilus
Transformation - Uptake of free DNA by bacteria
Transduction - Gene transfer via bacteriophage virus