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cell injury: morphology (intracelluar accumulations (Cholesterol…
cell injury: morphology
hypoxia/ischemia
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vulnerability depends on tissue/cell type (neurons can go 3-5 minutes, skeletal muscle can go for more than 2 hours)
progress
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(1) mitochondria first affected; they make less ATP (hydropic change; cell swelling, plasma membrane changes; blebbing blunting, microvilli distortion, ER swelling, mitochondrial swelling)
chemical
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this is a major limitation to drug therapy; toxic liver injury is the most frequent reason for terminating a medication (rough ER swells, ribosomes dissociate, hyropic change)
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