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cell injury: causes (ATP depletion (reduced plasma membrane energy…
cell injury: causes
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Mitochondrial damage
caused by increased Ca2+, oxidative stress, phospholipid membrane breakdown
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high conductance channels: mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), this is reversible if the stress is removed, if it is permanent it prevents proton motive force = DEATH
leakage of cytochrome c into cytoplasm: stops electron transfer, triggers apoptosis = DEATH
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calcium
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when cytosolic Ca2+ rises it increases the membrane permeability of the mitochondria = reduced ATP production
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free radicals
generation: red-ox reactions, Fenton reactions, radiant energy, inflammatory oxidative bursts (neutrophils), enzymatic metabolism of exogenous chemicals (acetominophen), nitric oxide
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antioxidants: vit A, E, C (ascorbic acid), glutathione
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