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laboratory oncology (histologic evaluation (tumor grading (tumor cells:…
laboratory oncology
histologic evaluation
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tumor grading
tumor cells: differentiation, anaplasia, dysplasia, metaplasia
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invasion: stromal, lympatic, vascular
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tumor markers
detectable in plasma, these are only used to support a dx
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oncofetal antigens
alpha-fetoprotein: liver, testicular germ cell
carcinoembryonic antigen: colon, lung, stomach, cardiac
specific proteins
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immunoglobulins: lymphomas, plasma cell myeloma
phenotypic evaluation
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establishment of cell lineage, origin
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genotypic evaluation
establishment of cell lineage, origin
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assessment of prognostic/therapeutic factors (KRAS mutations in the colon, EGFR mutations in the lung)