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non-genetic causes of oncogenesis (chemical agents (multistep process…
non-genetic causes of oncogenesis
chemical agents
multistep process
initiation:
electron poor chemicals seek electron rich targets; this causes irreversible DNA damage
promotion:
cell proliferation and clonal expansion
agents
direct:
do not require metabolic conversion to be carcinogenic
indirect-acting:
require metabolic conversion to be carcinogenic
radiation
ultraviolet radiation
mutagenic effects depend on the intensity of the exposure and the how much melanin you have
UVB:
causes mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors, forms thymidine dimers, skin cancer: squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma
ionizing radiation
types:
EM (x-rays, gamma rays), particles
its effects depend on how long you are exposed and how much you are exposed to
microbial agents
viruses
Human papilloma virus (HPV)
Epstein-Barr virus
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis B
Human Herpes Virus
Human T-cell Leukemia virus-1
bacteria
Helicobacter pylori