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Mendelian Genetics for presentation (Evolution Continues (The evolution…
Mendelian Genetics for presentation
1
Small Sample Size
Through sex we get a shuffling of those genes
In our second generation, just due to chance, the alleles frequency is going to change
or it is going to drift away from its original allele frequency
2
non-random mating
blue eyes in human showed up
it is a mutation
But a lot of people find blue eyes attractive
So they are choosing a mate based on their eyes
3
Mutations
it can cause microevolution
DNA makes RNA make protein and makes you
If we a change in the letters, that causes a change in the protein
can make Haemoglobin protein
It causes sickle cell anaemia
4
Gene Flow
Some individuals can leave a population and some can come into a population
What we call Gene Flow
If you have individuals leaving a population or new individuals coming in that is clearly going to the change the allele frequency
Mitochondrial DNA in humans in different places on our planet
Genetic Drift
Bottle neck effect
Bottle neck effect is when you have a large population and that large population is going to get small in other words almost instinct
It happened to Elephant seals and were caused by humans
The Northern Elephant Seal lived along the West Coat of the US down through Mexico
It dropped down to 50 population in the 1800s
The Southern Elephant Seal lived way down in Antartica and they look very similar
5
Natural Selection
Tuberculosis bacteria
If we treat that with an antibiotic we are going to kill of the bacteria
They are doing that by nature selection
What is Natural Selection?
Descent with Modification
When parents have children, those children often look and behave slightly different from their parents
and slightly different from each other
They descent from their parents with modifications
The difference are found in offspring due to random genetic mutations
Common Descent
Descended from a common ancestor
Through the gradual process of decent with modifications over many many generations,
A single original species is thought to have given rise to all the life we see to day
Chromosonal Genetics
Incomplete dominance is when
If you get one gene from each of the two parents, then the combination is going to be somewhere in-between
Example:
If you have WW and RR
The combination or offspring is going to be RW
Thomas Hunt Morgan
He worked with fruit flies
He figured out some amazing things
Gene Linkage
The parents:
Vv Bb and vv bb
It can give
vg+bl+
This combination would look like the parent
vg+bl
This combination would not look like the parent
vgbl+
This combination would not look like the parent
vgbl
This combination would look like the parents
According to Mendel two of the combinations would look like the parents
But the other two would be a total combination
Evolution Continues
The evolution starts from day 1 till today
It continues on a daily basis
New species are evolving every
Populations are evolving everyday
Natural Selection is
When nature selects which organisms should die or live
Sexual Selections is a different thing
It is when a mate is selecting. based on the other gender