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Social Perception & Attributions (Perception (Process of interpreting…
Social Perception & Attributions
Perception
Process of interpreting one's environment
4-stage sequence:
Selective Attention/Comprehension
Encoding & Simplification
Storage & Retention
Retrieval & Response
Managerial Implication:
Hiring
Performance Appraisal
Leadership
Communication & Interpersonal Influence
Counterproductive Work Vehaviour
Physical & Psychological Well-Being
Designing web-pages
Stereotypes
One's set of beliefs about the characteristics of a group of people
Process:
Begins by categorising ppl into groups
Infer that all ppl in a category possess similar traits
Form expectations of others & interpret their behaviour according to stereotypes
Maintained by overestimating frequency of stereotypic behaviours exhibited by others, incorrectly explaining expected & unexpected behaviours, differentiating minority individuals from oneself
Perceptual errors
Halo, Leniency, Central Tendency, Recency effect, Constrast effect
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
Pygmalion Effect
One's high expectation for another person result in high performance for that performance
Galatea Effect
Individual's high expectation for oneself lead to high performance
Golem Effect
Loss in performance due to low leader exectations
Attribution
Casual Attribution:
Suspected or inferred causes of behaviour
Causes of behaviour
Internal Factors: Personal Characteristics
External Factors: Environmental Characteristics
Kelley's Model of Attribution
Consensus: Comparing one's behaviour with peers
Distinctiveness: Comparing one's behaviour on one task & other task
Consistency: Judging if one's performance on given task is consistent over time
Attribution Tendencies
Fundamental Attribution Error
Self-Serving Bias