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ANIMAL ECOLOGY (BEHAVIORS (Innate (Animal behavior that is developmentally…

- - - - Location: Near equator
      - Little seasonal difference
      - Hot weather
      - Constant heavy rainfall
      - Plants: vertically layered
    - - Location: interior continents (north central asia), 30 N & S latitude
      - Low precipitation
      - Varying temperature
      - Vegetation: low growing plants
    - - Location: N & S of Tropical Forest, near equator
      - warm weather
      - thorny low vegetation
      - typically dry
    - - Location: midlatitude coastal
      - Rainy winters, dry summers
      - Cool Fall, winter, and spring; hot summers
      - Vegetation: shrubs and small trees
    - - Location:Central North America, Argentina
      - Vegetation: grass and forbs
      - Dry winters, wet summers
      - Cold winters, hot summers
    - - Location: Northern North America
      - Average rainfall , droughts are common
      - Cold winters, hot summers
      - Vegetation: cone bearing plants
    - - Location: Northern Hemisphere
      - Vegetation: Vertical Layers
      - Hot and humid summers, cold winters
      - Excess rainfall
    - - Everything is frozen
      - Location: The poles
      - Vegetation: mosses, ferns, grasses
  - - - Physical:
        -Standing body of water
        -range of sizes
        -light decreases with depth
      - Chemical:
        
        Oligiotrophic
        
        Oxygen rich
        
        Eutrophic
        
        Oxygen depleted
      - Autotrophs: Rooted and floating plants in littoral zone; Phytoplankton in limnetic zone
      - Heterotrophs: Zooplankton, invertebrates, fish
    - - Physical: inundated by water; flooded
      - Chemical: Low oxygen in both water and soil because of high organic production by plants and decomposition by microbes
      - Autotroph: pond lilies, woody plants
      - Heterotroph: birds, invertebrates
    - - Phyiscal: Head water is cold, clear and swift; downstream is warmer and more turbid
      - Chemical: Salt content increases from headwaters to mouth
      - Autotrophs: phytoplankton, rooted aquatic plants
      - Heterotroph: fish, invertebrates
    - - Physical:transition area between river and sea
      - Chemical: Salinity varies spatially within estuaries
      - Autotroph: Algae, phytoplankton
      - Heterotroph: Worms, crab, oysters
    - - Submerged and exposed twice dail
      - High oxygen leves
      - Autotroph:algae
      - Heterotroph: sponges, small fish
    - - Open blue water
      - High oxygen levels
      - Autotroph: phytoplankton
      - Heterotroph: zooplankton, worms, protist,s, jellies
    - - Formed from calcium carbonate skeletons of corals
      - High oxygen levels
      - Autotroph: Unicellular algae
      - Heterotroph: Coral , fish, invertebrates
    - - Seafloor below surface waters of costal zone
      - Oxygen is present except in areas of organic enrichment
      - Autotroph: seaweeds, filamentous algae
      - Heterotroph: invertebrates, fish
  - - - Area with little rainfall due to a mountain range, that causes prevailing winds to lose moisture as they reach the leeward side
    - - 23.5 Tilt
      - Equator receives most of the heat from the sun
    - - Air moves in a curved path
- - - - Rate of growth increases as population rate increases
    - - Population decreases as carrying capacity is reached
  - - - Competition
        
        large population = more competition for resources = reduced reproduction rates
        
        Ex: animals- food, mates,space; humans - jobs, housing, fossil fuels
      - Disease
        
        Disease spreads faster the more crowded the population
        
        Ex: The black plaque
      - Predation
        
        Prey population grows = Predator population grows
      - Territorality
        
        Less space in large population
        
        Ex: New York, Japan
      - Intrinsic Factors
        
        More intense interactions in large populations
        
        Ex: A Large group of people will fight more
      - Toxic Waste
        
        Pollution
        
        Ex: Fresh water, air
    - - Natural Disaster
        
        Ex: Tsunami wiping out a population
      - Forest Fire
        
        Ex: rabbit being displaced because of forest fire