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The Northern Renaissance (The Elizabethan Age (The Renaissance spread to…

- - - - Elizabeth resigned from 1558 to 1603.
        
        She was well educated and spoke French, Italian, Latin, and Greek. She also wrote poetry and music. As queen she did much to support the development of English art and literature.
        
        William Shakespeare The most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age was William Shakespeare.
        
        Many people regard him as the greatest playwright of all time.
        
        Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, a small town about 90 miles northwest of London. By 1592, he was living in London and writing poems and plays, and soon he would be performing at the Globe Theater.
        
        Like many Renaissance writers, Shakespeare revered the classics and drew n them for inspirtation and plots.
        
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        William Shakespeare
        
        Who is William Shakespeare?
        
        How did Elizabeth I contribute to the renaissance?
        
        She was well educated and spoke French, Italian, Latin, and Greek. She also wrote poetry and music. As queen she did much to support the development of English art and literature.
      - Leadership
- - - - in addition northern european artist who studied in Italy carried renaissance ideas back to their homelands.
        
        German Painters
        
        Perhaps the most famous person to do this was the German artist Albrecht Dürer. He traveled to Italy to study in 1494.
        
        After returning to Germany, Dürer produced woodcuts and engravings. Many of his prints portray religious subjects. Others portray classical myths or realistic landscapes.
        
        The popularity of Dürer’s work helped to spread Renaissance styles.Dürer’s emphasis upon realism influenced the work of another German artist, Hans Holbein the younger.
        
        Holbein specialized in painting portraits that are almost photographic in detail.He emigrated to England where he painted portraits of King Henry VIII and other members of the English royal family.
        
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        Question What factors might have influenced the trend toward a more realistic style of art?
        
        Answer Philosophically, Realism embraced the progressive aims of modernism, seeking new truths through the reexamination and overturning of traditional systems of values and beliefs.
        
        Change
- - - - Italy was divided into city states while England and France had one unified, strong monarch.
        
        These rulers supported the artist by purchasing their paintings.
        
        For example, Francis I of France invited Leonardo da Vinci to France and hired Italian artist and architects to rebuild his castle in Fontainebleau.
        
        The idea of art didn't stay just in Italy, it began to spread out towards the North.
        
        The Renaissance developed its own character, especially in realism.
        
        The Renaissance ideal of human dignity inspired people to developed plan for social reform based on Judeo-Christian values.
        
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- - - - The Chinese writing syste contains thousands of different characters, so most Chines printers found movable type impractical. However, the method would prove practical for Europeans because their languages have a very small number of letters in their alphabets.
  - - - European printers began to use block printing to create whole pages to bind into books. However, this process was too slow to satisfy the Renaissance demand for knowledge, information, and books.
        
        Around 1440 Johann Gutenberg, a craftsman from Mainz, Germany, developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way.
        
        The process made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply.
        
        Using this improved process, Gutenberg printed a complete bible, the Gutenberg Bible, in about 1455. It was the first full-sized book printed with movable type.
        
        The printing press enabled a printer to produce hundreds of copies of a single work.
        
        For the first time, books were cheap enough that many people could buy them.
        
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        Johann Gutenberg
        
        Who is Johann Gutenberg?
        
        Johann Gutenberg
- - - - he two were close friends. in 1509 Ermis wrote his more famous work The praise of Folly.
        
        This book poked fun at greedy merchants heuristic klovers and pompous priests.
        
        He though in order to improve our society everyone should study the bible. in 1516 he wrote the Utopia.
      - Conflict
  - - - One woman spoke out against this practice.
        
        Christin de PIzan was highly educated for the time and was one of the first women to earn a living as a writer.
        
        Writing in french she produced many books. One book called the CIty of ladies
        
        What similarities were there in the works of Desiderius Erasmus and Tohmas more?
        
        both wanted to improve society both believed that greed caused problems
      - Christin de Pizan
      - Education
  - - - The northern humanists were critical of faliure of the christian church to inspire people to live a christian life.
        
        It produced a new movement called the Christian humanism. The focus was to reform society
        
        What qualities made Christine de pizan unusual for her time and place
        
        She was very well educated which was not common in women at this time.
- - - - Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature in more realostic and life like ways
        
        Artists created work that were secular as well as these that were religious.
        
        Published legal proceeding made the laws clear so that people were more likley to understnad their rights
        
        Christians humanist attempst to reform society changed views about how life should be lived
        
        How did printing and publishing affect social reforms?
        
        Change
  - - - The impact of the movable type printing press was tremendous
        
        Leadership
        
        Some historians have suggested that its affect were even more dramatic than the arrival of personal computers in the 20th century
      - In what ways did renaissance art correct to the past?