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The Northern Renaissance (The Legacy of the Renaissance (The European…

- - - - German Painters
        
        The most famous person to do this was the German
        artist Albrecht Durer.
        
        He traveled to Italy to study in 1494. After returning to Germany, Dürer produced woodcuts and engravings. Many of his prints portray religious subjects. Others portray classical myths or realistic land-scapes. The popularity of Dürer’s work helped to spread Renaissance styles.
        
        Durer’s emphasis upon realism influenced the work of another German artist. This artists name was Hans Holbein the Younger. Holbein specialized in painting portraits that are almost photographic in detail.
        
        He emigrated to England where he painted portraits of King Henry VIII and other members of the English royal family.
        
        Identity: The values, culture and traditions that an individual or group of people identify with.
        
        Diffusion: When culture, goods or ideas are mixed together and can result in blending and innovation.
      - Flemish Painters
        
        Jan van Eyck
        
        The support of wealthy merchant families in Flanders helped to
        make Flanders the artistic center of northern Europe. The first great Flemish Renaissance painter was Jan van Eyck.
        
        Van Eyck used recently developed oil-based paints to develop techniques that painters still use. By applying layer upon layer of paint, van Eyck was able to create a variety of subtle colors in clothing and jewels.
        
        In addition to new techniques, van Eyck’s paintings display unusually realistic details and reveal the personality of their subjects. His work influenced later artists in Northern Europe.
        
        What factors might have influenced the trend toward a more realistic style of art?
        
        Changes in Renaissance art
        
        Change: To make or become different.
        
        Peter Bruegel the Elder
        
        Flemish painting reached its peak after 1550 with the work of Pieter Bruegel the Elder.
        
        Bruegel was also interested in realistic details and individual people. He was very skillful in portraying large numbers of people. He captured scenes from everyday peasant life.
        
        Bruegel’s rich colors, vivid details, and balanced use of space give a sense of life and feeling.
        
        What can be learned about people's daily lives from examining the painting "Peasant Wedding"?
        
        Peasant Wedding: Painting and analysis/interpretation
- - - - Most Chinese printers found movable type impractical because the Chinese writing system contains thousands of characters
        
        The method was practical for Europeans because their languages have a small number of letters in their alphabets
      - Movable Type
  - - - This process was too slow to satisfy the demand for knowledge, information, and books
        
        Johann Gutenberg developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way
        
        This made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply
        
        Gutenberg printed a complete Bible, the Gutenberg Bible, in about 1455
        
        The printing press enabled a printer to produce hundreds of copies of a single work
        
        Printers first produced religious works and then began to provide books on other subjects such as travel guides and medical manuals
        
        Why do you think the Bible was the first book printed with movable type? Because religion ruled over everything back then and it was a common thing between people.
        
        Religion: A system of beliefs, symbols and rituals, that guide human behavior, gives meaning to life and unites believers into a community.
        
        How would you compare and contrast the impact of the printing press and the impact of the internet? They both made it easier to produce and receive information.
- - - - Criticism produces a movement known as christian humanism. The focus of Christian humanism was the reform of society. Particularly important to humanists was education. They promoted education to women and schools for both boys and girls.
        
        Christian Humanists
        
        Desiderius Erasmus were the best known Christian humanists. Holland and Thomas More from England. They were two close friends.
        
        In 1509 Erasmus wrights a famous work called the Praise of Folly. It made fun of greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests.
        
        Erasmus believed in a Christianity of heart. Not ceremonies or rules. He thinks in order to improve society all must study the Bible.
        
        Thomas More tries to be a model of society. In 1516 he wrote a book called Utopia. It means an ideal place.It is about an imaginary land with no greed, corruption or war. They have little use for money in the book.
        
        2 more items...
        
        What similarities were there in the works of desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More?
        
        Both showed a perfect world with no problems. Also these didn't have any war or fighting between people.
        
        Values and Beliefs
        
        Women's Reforms
        
        Many can't read or write. Families that can afford school sent just their sons. A women spoke out about this.
        
        Christine de Pizan is a woman that was highly educated and the first to earn a living as a writer. She made many books and wrote about objections men had to women's education.
        
        In one books The book of the City of Ladies she talked about men objecting to women education. She was one of the first European writers to question treatment of boys and girls. She just wanted equal education for both sexes.
        
        What qualities made Christine de Pizan unusual for her time and place?
        
        She was born in a time and place where women didn't get much education, yet she was very smart.
        
        Culture
- - - - Historians believe that its effects were very dramatic
  - - - Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature in more realistic and lifelike ways
        
        Artists created works that were secular as well as those that were religious
        
        Writers began to use vernacular languages to express their ideas
        
        The arts praised individual achievement
        
        Vernacular
        
        Culture: Traditions, customs or way of life of a community
      - In what ways did renaissance art connect to the past? They used techniques and styles from classical Greece and Rome.
      - Greek and Roman Art
  - - - Available books increased the desire for learning and literacy throughout Europe
        
        Published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and charts led to discoveries in many fields
        
        Published legal proceedings made laws clear so that people could understand their rights
        
        Christian humanists’ attempts to reform society changed views about how life should be lived
        
        People began to question political structures and religious practices
        
        How did printing and publishing affect social reforms? Society changed views about how life should be lived.
        
        Values & Beliefs: Shared beliefs about what is good-bad, right-wrong, or desirable-undesirable / Specific statements that people hold to be true.
      - Change: To make or become different
- - - - Merchants became wealthy enough to sponsor artist.
        
        This was happening in Flanders which is the longest distance trade and cloth industry
        
        Wealth was increasing in Northern Europe, Artist were increasing as well
        
        Q: Why and how did an increase in wealth affect the spread of the Renaissance?
        A:An increase in wealth affected the spread of the Renaissance by allowing artist to have the backing of wealthy families and merchants it allowed them to produce more art.
        
        Q: How did the northern renaissance differ from the italian renaissance. A:Writers and humanists of the Northern Renaissance were greatly influenced by the Italian Renaissance model and were part of the same intellectual movement.
  - - - Rulers often sponsored arts by purchasing paintings also by supporting artist and writers
        
        Francis I of France invited Leonardo Da Vinci to retire France, which hired Italian artists and architects to decorate and rebuild his castle.
  - - - Artists were interested in realism
        
        The ideal of human dignity was inspired with some Northern Humanists developing plans for reformed based on Judeo Christian values.
        
        Culture
- - - - Elizabeth reigned from 1558 -1603
        
        She was educated and spoke French, Italian, Latin, and Greek.
        
        She wrote poetry and music
        
        She had a lot to do with English art and Literature
        
        Q: How did Elizabeth I contribute to the renaissance. A:Young Elizabeth was well-educated and knew a number of languages. She loved all music and the arts. Elizabeth became the queen of England at the age of 25. She ruled from 1558 to 1603.
        
        Q: How did the Elizabethan age reflect the valuesof the Itallian Renaissance.
        A: patronage spread art and music, monuments and buildings
        
        Culture
      - Queen Elizabeth
  - - - Shakespear was born in 1564 in a small town about 90 miles northwest of London.
        
        By 1592 he was living in London and Writing poems and Plays, and soon he would be performing at the Globe Theater
      - Shakespeare plays