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The Northern Renaissance (Northern Writers Try to Reform Society…

- - - - Elisabeth reigned from 1558 to 1603
        
        she was well educated
        
        spoke French, Italian, Latin and Greek
        
        also wrote poetry and music,
        
        as the queen she did a lot to support the development of english art and literature
        
        culture
  - - - A lot of people regard him as the greatest playwright of all time,
        
        He was born in 15764
        
        In the town called Stratford- upon- Avon, a small town about 90 miles northwest of London
        
        By the 1592's he was living in London and writing poems and such, he then soon would be performing at the globe theater.
        
        Many renaissance writers, Shakespeare revered the classics and drew on them for inspiration and plots
        
        He would display a masterful command of the English language and a deep understanding of human beings.
        
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- - - - When the war between France and England ended, in 1453. Many cities started to grow rapidly.
        
        The older merchants became wealthy, enough to sponsor the artists.
        
        Flanders, which was rich off of long distance trade and the cloth industry.
        
        Italy was divided into city- states, England and France were unified under strong monarchs.
        
        These rulers often sponsored the arts by purchasing paintings and also by supporting artists and writers.
        
        France invited Leonardo da Vinci to retire in France, and hired Italian artists
        
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- - - - historians suggested that its effects were even more dramatic than the arrival of personal computers
      - The Printing Press
    - - Art drew on techniques and styles of classical Greece and Rome
      - Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature in more realistic and lifelike way
      - Artists created works that were secular as well as those that were religious
      - Writers began to use vernacular languages to express their ideas
      - The arts praised individual achievement
      - Change: To make or become different
      - Renaissance Art
    - - Printing changed society by making more information available
      - A greater availability of books prompted an increased desire for learning and a rise in literacy throughout Europe
      - Published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and charts led to further discoveries in a variety of fields
      - Published legal proceedings made the laws clear so that people were more likely to understand their rights
      - Christian humanists' attempts to reform society changed views about how life should be lived
      - People began to question political structures and religious practices
      - Question: How did printing and publishing affect social reforms?
        
        Answer: Printing and publishing made social reforms more widespread because information including Christian humanist works was distributed more widely and freely
      - Change: To make or become different
    - - Answer: The art copied Greek and Roman styles and created religious works
- - - - Chinese writing has a lot characters in it, so people didn't like this new type of characters.
        
        Europeans did like it though, because the have such a small amount of characters in their language
        
        Gutenberg Improves the Printing Process
        
        13th century, block printing finally made it to Europe.
        
        Europeans used the block press to create whole books
        
        This however would take such a long time
        
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- - - - During this period the vast majority of Europeans were unable to read or write. Those families who could afford formal schooling usually sent only their sons. One woman spoke out against this practice.
      - Christine de Pizan was highly educated for the time and was one of the first women to earn a living as a writer. Writing French, she produced many books, including short stories, biographies, novels, and manuals on military techniques. She frequently wrote about objections men had to educating women. In one book, The Book of The City of Ladies,she wrote.
      - Christine de Pizan was one of the first European writers to question different treatment of boys and girls. However, her goal of formal education for children of both sexes would not be achieved for several centuries.
- - - - The support of wealthy merchant families in Flanders helped to make Flanders the artistic center of northern Europe.
      - The first great Flemish Renaissance painter was Jan can Eyck. Van Eyck used recently developed oil-base paints to develop techniques that painters still use. By applying clothing and jewels. Oil painting became popular and spread to Italy.
      - Flemish painting reacher its peak after 1550 with the work of Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Bruegel was also interested in realistic details and individual people. He was very skillful in portraying large numbers of people. He captured scenes from everyday peasant life such as weddings, dances, and harvests. Bruegel's rich colors, vivid details, and balanced use of space give a sense of life and feeling.
      - Art/Culture