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The Northern Renaissance (The Northern Renaissance Begins (Italy was…
The Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance Begins
1450 the population in northern Europe had declined due to the bubonic plague.
The destructive war between France, England which was called the Hundred years War, Ended in 1453.
Urban merchants became wealthy enough to sponsor artist's.
As wealth increased in the other parts of Northern Europe, Patronage also increased as well.
Italy was divided into two city-states.
England, and France were unified under strong monarchs.
The rulers often sponsored the arts by purchasing paintings and supporting artists and writers.
Francis the 1st invited Leonardo da Vinci to retire in France and hired Italian artists to rebuild his castle in Fontainebleau.
The castle became a showcase for the Renaissance art.
How did the Northern Renaissance differ from the Italian Renaissance?
As the Renaissance ideas spread out of Italy, they mingled with northern traditions.
the Renaissance developed it's own character.
the artists were very interested in realism.
The Renaissance inspired some northern humanists to develop plans for social reform based on Judeo-Christrian values.
Why and how did an increase in wealth affect the spread of the renaissance?
Northern Writers Try to Reform Society
Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael showed Renaissance spirit.
All three artist demonstrated interest in classical culture, a curiosity about the world, and belief in human potential. - By late 1400's Renaissance ideas had spread to Northern Europe-Especially England, France, Germany, and Flanders.
By 1450 the population of northern Europe which declined to the bubonic plague, was beginning to grow. Many cities grew, Urban merchants became wealthy enough to sponsor artists. This trend grew into Northern Europe as well.
Italy was divided into city, states. England and France were unified under strong monarchs. Rulers sponsored the arts by purchasing paintings and supporting artists and writers.
Renaissance ideas spread out of Italy, they mingled with northern traditions. As a result the northern Renaissance developed it's own character. - The Renaissance ideal of human dignity inspired some northern humanists to develop plans for social reform based on Judeo-Christian values.
1494, a French king claimed the throne of Naples in southern Italy and launched invasion through Northern Italy. As war continued, many Italian artists went to Northern Europe for safety and brought their styles and Italian Renaissance with them.
German/ Flemish painters
Albrecht Dürer travelled to Italy in 1494 to study. When returned to Germany he made woodcuts and engravings. Many of his paints portray religious subjects - the popularity of Dürer's spread Renaissance styles.
Dürer's influenced work of Hans Holbein. He specialized in painting portraits that were almost photographic in detail. He emigrated to England where he painted portraits of King Henry V||| and other members of the English Royal Family.
Culture
Famous German Painters
What qualities made Christine de Pizan unusual for her time and place?
What similarities were there in the works of Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More?
Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas
Printing Press
Movable Printing Press
Invented by Bi Sheng in 1045
Was mainly used for the Chinese
Europeans had too small of letters
A printer carved words or letters on a wooden block
Inked the block
Then used it to print on paper
Gutenberg
Improved the printing press in 1440
He made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply
He could printed a complete Bible, and the Gutenberg Bible, in about 1455
Why do you think the Bible was the first book printed with movable type?
Religion
The printing press enabled a printer to produce hundreds of copies of a single work
Books were cheap enough that many people could buy them
Printers produced mainly religious works but soon they began to make books on other subjects such as travel guides and medical manuals
Article about Gutenberg and his Printing Press
How would you compare and contrast the impact of the printing press and the impact of the internet
More about the printing press and its development
The Elizabethan Age
(Courtney)
Renaissance spread to England in mid 1500's. This period was known as the Elizabethan Age.
Queen Elizabeth 1reigned from 1558 to 1603. She was educated and spoke many different languages , she also wrote poetry and music.
How did Elizabeth I contribute to the Renaissance?
How did the Elizabethan Age reflect the values of the Italian Renaissance?
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwikqey3neTXAhVL4oMKHR1GDk4QFggmMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FElizabeth_I_of_England&usg=AOvVaw0BRjUvlpDDAr0o7Glj0Q-N
Queen Elizabeth I
William Shakespeare
Most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age.
Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, a small town about 90 miles northwest of London. By 1592 he was living in London and writing poems and plays, and soon he would be performing at the Globe Theater.
Greatest playwright of all time.
His works display a masterful command of the English language and a deep understanding of human beings. He revealed the souls of men and women through scenes of dramatic conflict. Many of these plays exam-ine human flaws.
Artistic Ideas Spread
In 1494 a french king claimed the throne of the Naples.
Italy had launched an invasion through the northern Italy
What factors might have influenced the trend toward a more realistic style of art?
In northern Europe artists who studied in Italy carried Renaissance ideas back to their homelands.
German Painters
The most famous person to do this was Albrecht Direr
he traveled to Italy to study in 1494
He produced woodcuts an engravings
His popularity spread into the renaissance styles.
Direr's painting influenced other German Painters. Hans Holbein, He specialized in painting portraits that were almost photographic in detail.
https://www.widewalls.ch/famous-german-painters-20th-century/
Flemish Painters
The first great Flemish Renaissance Painter was Jan van Eyck
He used oil based paint for his paintings.
He applied thick layers of the oil paint.
He created a variety of different colors.
Oil painting spread all over Italy
His painting influenced painter in the late northern Europe
Flemish painting reached it's peak after 1550.
Pieter Bruegel the he was also interested in the realistic details and individual people.
He was skillful in large numbers of people, he captured everyday life.
What can be learned about people’s daily lives from examining the painting “Peasant Wedding”?
https://www.britannica.com/art/Flemish-art
The Legacy of the Renaissance
Changes in the Arts
Artists created works that were secular as well as those that were religious.
Religion
Writers used vernacular languages to show their ideas
Paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature in more realistic and lifelike ways
Art showed individual achievement
In what ways did renaissance art connect to the past?
Art drew on techniques and styles of classical Greece and Rome
More about classical Greece and Rome
Changes in Society
Published accounts of new discoveries, maps, and charts led to further discoveries in a variety of fields
Published legal proceedings made the laws clear so that people were more likely to understand their rights
More books caused an increased for learning and a rise in literacy throughout Europe
Christian humanists’ attempts to reform society changed views about how life should be lived
Religion
Printing changed society by making more information available and inexpensive
How did printing and publishing affect social reforms?
People began to question political structures and religious practices
The European Renaissance was a period of great artistic and social change. It was a time when there was a break with the medieval-period and things were focused around the Church. The Renaissance belief in the dignity of the individual played a key role in the gradual rise of democratic ideas. Furthermore, the impact of the movable-type printing press was tremendous.