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Internal factors and gender gap achievement (Selection and league tables…
Internal factors and gender gap achievement
definition
Factors outside of school that may play an important role in explaining gender difference in achievement
Equal opportunities
boys and girls are entitled to the same opportunities
WISE and GIST
Encourage girls to pursue careers in non-traditional areas
positive role models in school
increase in proportion of female teachers + heads
women can achieve positions of importance
educational achievement may increase
GCSE and coursework
Changes in assessed work favors girls
gender gap achievement constant until 1989 when GCSEs introduced
Stephen Gorard
'gender gap is a product of the changed system of assessment rather than anymore general failing boys'
Mitsos and Browne
girls more successful in coursework
more conscientious
better organised
Teacher attention
boys receive more attention
disciplined more
teachers have low expectations
teachers respond more positively to girls
Difference in communication styles
boys dominate whole class discussions
Challenging stereotypes in the curriculum
removal of gender stereotypes
Removed barrier
70s and 80s reading schemes portray women as housewives and mothers
Frightened by science
Selection and league tables
Marketization policies created more competitive climate
Introduction of exam league tables improved opportunities for girls
creates a self-fulfilling phrophecy
Boys less attractive to schools
more likely suffer from behavioural difficulties
4 times more likely to be excluded
Boys seen as a liability