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The Northern Renaissance (The Elizabethan Age (Renaissance spread to…
The Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance Begins
By 1450 the population in Northern Europe was growing again: Change
Urban merchants became wealthy enough to sponsor artists
Wealth increased in other part of Northern Europe
Why and how did an increase in wealth affect the spread of the renaissance?
A: People could travel, buy art, and share it with other people. This causes the renaissance art to spread across to different parts of Europe.
Northern Renaissance Causes Change
France and England were unified under strong monarchs: Leadership
These rulers bought paintings and supported artists/writers
King Francis I even invited Leonardo da Vinci to retire in France
Italy was divided into city states
Renaissance ideas spread to Italy
They mingled with northern traditions
The art was based on realism
How did the Northern Renaissance differ from the Italian Renaissance?
A: Italian Renaissance was focused more on realism. The rulers of Northern Europe supported art and bought into it more.
Artistic Ideas Spread: Culture
In 1494 a French king claimed the throne of Naples
Launched an invasion through northern Italy
Many Italians artists left for a safer life
They brought their style and technique to Northern Europe
Artistic ideas were spreading all throughout Europe: Diffusion
German artist Albrecht Dürer traveled to Italy to pursue art
His art portrays religious subjects
Albrecht Dürer's realism influenced another artist
Hans Holbein was an artist influenced by Albrecht Dürer
He painted portraits for the royal family
What factors might have influenced the trend toward a more realistic style of art?
A: Many artists followed the footsteps of Albrecht Dürer. They thought his art was inspiring and wanted to make their own.
Dürer made woodcuts and engravings
Flanders became the artistic center of Northern Europe
Jan van Eyck was the first talented Flemish Renaissance painter
Jan used oil paints
Jan used techniques that are still used today
Many painters were influenced by him
He used incredibly realistic features on the people he was painting
The Peasant Wedding
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Flanders
Legacy of the Renaissance- Caleb
The European Renaissance was a period of great artistic and social change. It marked a break with the medieval-period ideals focused around the Church.
The Renaissance belief in the dignity of the individual played a key role in the gradual rise of democratic ideas.
Some historians have suggested that its effects were even more dramatic than the arrival of personal computers in the 20th century
Changes in Society
Changes in the Arts
Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas- Caleb
The Chinese invented block printing, in which a printer carved words or letters on a wooden block, inked the block, and then used it to print on paper.
The Chinese writing system contains thousands of different charac ters, so most Chinese printers found movable type impractical.
However, the method would prove practical for Europeans because their languages have a very small number of letters in their alphabets.
However, the method would prove practical for Europeans because their languages have a very small number of letters in their alphabets.
European printers began to use block printing to create whole pages to bind into books.
Around 1440 Johann Gutenberg, a craftsman from Mainz, Germany, developed a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way.
Using this improved process, Gutenberg printed a complete Bible, the Gutenberg Bible, in about 1455.
The printing press enabled a printer to produce hundreds of copies of a single work.
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The Elizabethan Age
Renaissance spread to England in mid- 1500s
Period was known as Elizabethan Age, after Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth reigned from 1558 to 1603 and was very well educated
She did a lot to support development of English art and literature
About Elizabethan Age
How did Elizabeth I contribute to the Renaissance?
She supported the development of English art and Literature and reigned over England during the Renaissance
Leadership
How did the Elizabethan Age reflect the values of the Italian Renaissance?
It put a focus on art, literature, and the view of humans
Change
William Shakespeare
- Most famous writer of Elizabethan Age
Born in 1564 in small town Stratford-upon-Avon
By 1592 he lived in London and wrote poems and plays
Soon would perform at the Globe Theater
Shakespeare revered the classics and drew on them for inspiration and plots
Works displayed masterful command of English language and deep understanding of humans
Revealed the souls of men and women the dramatic conflict scenes which examined flaws
Tragedies
Macbeth, Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, and King Lear
Different Work
Comedies
A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Taming of the Shrew
Value
Was Shakespeare the first to do this poetry and writing?
About Shakespeare
Northern Writers Try to Reform Society
Italian humanists ideas reached the north
Northern humanists were critical of the failure of the Christian Church to inspire people to live a Christian life
Christian Humanists
What similarities were there in the works of Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More?
They both wanted to improve society, and they both believed that greed caused problems
Desiderius Erasmus of Holland
1509 - Wrote
The Praise of Folly
Mocked greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests
Believed all people should study the Bible to improve society
Thomas More of England
1516 - Wrote
Utopia
, or "no place" in Greek
The book was about an imaginary land where greed, corruption, and war have been weeded out
Due to the absence of greed in Utopia, there was little use for money
Wrote in Latin, which was later translated into a variety of languages including: French, German, English, Spanish, and Italian
Women's Reforms
Families that could afford formal schooling sent only their sons
Christine de Pizan
One of the first women to have a job as a writer
Wrote
The Book of The City of Ladies
Wrote books in French such as short stories, biographies, novels, and manuals on military techniques
Change
Spoke against this practice
Leadership
What qualities made Christine de Pizan unusual for her time and place?
The fact that she was a woman, and was a forerunner of the feminist movement
Christine de Pizan