The Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance Begins
1450 the population of northern Europe lowered due to bubonic plague was beginning to grow again
The Elizabethan Age
The Renaissance spread to England in the mid 1500s.
William Shakespeare
Urban merchants became wealthy enough to sponsor artists
He was the most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age, and is now regarded by many people as the greatest playwright of all time.
Shakespeare revered the classics, and used them as inspiration and plots.
A lot of his plays examine human flaws, however, one of his characters delivered a speech that expressed the Renaissance's high view of human nature.
This happened first in Flanders, which was rich from long distance trade and the cloth industry
Continuity
Italy was divided into city-states. In-contrast, England and France were unified under strong monarch
This period was also known as the Elisabethan Age, after Elizabeth I, who reigned from 1558, to 1603
Elizabeth was very well educated, she spoke French, Italian, Latin, and Greek. She also wrote Poetry, and Music.
As queen, Elizabeth did very much to help support the development of English art and literature.
These rulers often sponsored the arts by purchasing paintings and by supporting artists and writers
Francis I of france invited Leonardo da Vinci to retire in France, and hired Italian artists and architects to rebuild and decorate his castle at Fontainebleau the castle became a showcase for Renaissance art.
Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas
As Renaissance ideas spread out of Italy, they mingled with northern traditions. As a result, the northern Renaissance developed its own character
The Chinese invented block printing which a printer carved words or letters on a wooden block inked the block, and then used it to print on paper
Around 1045, Bi Sheng invented movable type, or a separate piece of type for each character in the language
Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-Upon-Avon, a small town outside of London. An by 1952, he was living in London, writing plays and poems, and would later perform at the globe theater.
prove practical for Europeans because their languages have a very small number of letters in their alphabets
Gutenberg Improves the Printing Process
His works displayed a masterful command of the English language and a deep understanding of human beings, and his works revealed the souls of men and women through scenes of dramatic conflict.
During the 13th century, block printed items reached Europe from China
European printers began to use block printing to create whole pages to bind into books
However, this process was too slow to satisfy the Renaissance demand for knowledge, information, and books
Around 1440 Johann Gutenberg, a craftsman from Mainz, Germany, devel oped a printing press that incorporated a number of technologies in a new way
The process made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply
Using this improved process, Gutenberg printed a complete Bible, the Gutenberg Bible, in about 1455. It was the first fullsized book printed with movable type
The printing press enabled a printer to produce hundreds of copies of a single work. For the first time, books were cheap enough that many people could buy them
How did Elizabeth I contribute to the Renaissance?
How did the Elizabethan Age reflect the values of the Italian Renaissance?
Why and how did an increase in wealth affect the spread of the renaissance?
How did the Northern Renaissance differ from the Italian Renaissance?
Why do you think the Bible was the first book printed with movable type?
How would you compare and contrast the impact of the printing press and the impact of the internet
Artistic Ideas Spread
In 1494, a French King claimed the throne of Naples in southern Italy, and later launched an invasion of northern Italy. As the war dragged on, the northern Italians moved to northern Europe, and brought with them artistic styles and techniques of the Italian Renaissance.
Flemish Painters
German Painters
Jan van Eyck was the first great Flemish painter who used oil based paints to develop techniques that artists still use today. By layering his paints, he could create a variety of subtle colors in clothing and jewels.
Eyck's paintings displayed unusually realistic details, and they reveal the personality of their subjects. His work influenced future artists in Northern Europe.
Flemish painting reached it's peak after 1550 with the work of Pieter Bruegel. Bruegel was very interested in realistic details in individual people, and was very skillful in portraying large numbers of people. He captured scenes from everyday peseant life such as weddings, dances, and harvests.
Other pieces of his art portrayed classical myths or realistic landscapes.
Hans Holbein was another German artist who was influenced by Dürer's art. He specialized in painting portraits that are photographic in detail. He moved to England and painting portaits of Henry the VIII and other members of the royal family.
Albrecht Dürer was a German artist who traveled to Italy in 1494. He returned to Germany and produced engravings and woodcuts, many portraying religious subjects.
Change
What factors might have influenced the trend toward a more realistic style of art?
What can be learned about people’s daily lives from examining the painting “Peasant Wedding”?
It looks like there are a lot of people, but not a lot of space to socialize with other people.
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invention