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Prejudice and discrimination (Stereotypes - Schemas about social groups in…
Prejudice and discrimination
Prejudice -
Attitudes towards members of specific groups that directly or indirectly suggest they deserve inferior social status
Types
Explicit
Implicit
Explanations
Right-wing authoritarianism
Social dominance theory
Social dominance orientation
Realistic conflict theory
Ethnocentrism
Social identity approach
Minimal group paradigm
Social identity theory
Status hierarchies
Group performance
Perceived social mobility
Social change potential
Self-categorization theory
Human identity
Social identity
Personal identity
Ingroup heterogeneity
Common among majoriry
Ingroup homogeneity effect
Occurs in minorities, increase solidarity
Outgroup homogeneity effect
Occurs among competing groups / when judging few members
Ingroup bias
Identity fusion
Integrated threat theory
Realistic threat
Symbolic threat
Intergroup anxiety
Negative stereotypes
Reducing prejudice
Tokenism
Affirmative action
Positive feedback bias
Reverse discrimination
Contact hypothesis
Equal social status
Social norms favoring equality
Intergroup corperation
Sustained close contact
Friendship potential
Indirect intergroup contact
Extended contact effect
Imagined contact effect
Categorization-based approaches
Decategorization
Common ingroup identity model
Recategorization
Dual identity approach
Mutual intergroup differentiation model
Social identity complexity
Discrimination -
Negative action towards members of specific social groups
Stereotypes -
Schemas about social groups in terms of perceived shared characteristics that don't allow for variation
Stereotype formation -
Illusory correlations
Associative meanings
Shared distinctness
Stereotype content model
Dimensions
Warmth (competition)
Competence (status)
Forms
No prejudice
Paternalistic prejudice
Envious prejudice
Contemptuous prejudice
Response of stereotyped groups
Oppositional identities
Ethnic identity formation
Stereotype threat
Gender stereotypes
Males - high competence, low warmth
(target of envious prejudice)
Females - low competence, high warmth
(target of paternalistic prejudice)
"Women are wonderful" effect
Glass ceiling
Glass cliff
Stigma -
An attribute that discredits a person or social group in the eyes of others
"Mark of disgrace" - often the basis for contemptuous prejudice
Courtesy stigma
Categories
Tribal identities
Blemishes of individual character
Abominations of the body
Racism -
Prejudice and/or discrimination based on a person's racial background
Old-fashioned racism
Symbolic racism
Modern racism
Aversive racism
Sexism -
Any attitude, action or institutional structure that subordinates a person because of his/her sex
Forms
Old-fashion sexism
Ambivalent sexism
Objectification theory
Behaviors
Sexual harassment
Gender harassment
Sexual coercion