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Legal and Ethical Foundations Part 2 Week 6 (Sustainability & Ethics…
Legal and Ethical Foundations Part 2 Week 6
Sustainability & Ethics in Computing 1
Growing Demand for Computational Power
AI systems processing massive data
Streaming services consuming energy
Expanding cloud computing reliance
Environmental cost of digital activities
Environmental Impact of Computing
Energy consumption in data centers (~200 terawatt hours annually)
CO2 emissions from ICT (~2% of global emissions)
Projected rise in ICT energy usage (14% by 2040)
Carbon footprint of AI (GPT-3 training = 5 car lifetimes)
Key Sustainable Computing Approaches
Green Data Centers (Renewable energy use by Google, Microsoft)
Energy-Efficient Hardware (ARM chips consuming less power)
Dynamic Resource Allocation (Serverless computing optimization)
Carbon Offsetting (Companies purchasing carbon credits)
Case Study: Cryptocurrency Mining
Bitcoin’s Environmental Toll (Energy usage > Sweden)
Efforts to Go Green (Chia, Cardano’s energy-efficient blockchain)
Trade-offs (Chia reduces power consumption but increases e-waste)
AI’s Role in Sustainability
Negative Impact (High energy consumption of large AI models)
Positive Impact (AI optimizing cooling systems, reducing power use)
Machine Learning in Climate Science (Deforestation prediction, weather forecasting, renewable energy grid optimization)
Future Steps Toward Sustainability
Adopting Renewable Energy (Powering data centers sustainably)
Improving Hardware Efficiency (Reducing power per computation)
Educating Developers & Users (Awareness of environmental impact)
Balancing Progress & Sustainability (Ethical computing choices)
Sustainability & Ethics in Computing 2
The Growing Demand for Computing Power
Global data explosion (175 zettabytes by 2025)
Energy consumption rising (ICT sector: 4% of global electricity)
Streaming, AI, and cloud computing driving demand
Environmental Impact of Computing
Data centers' high energy usage (3% of global CO2 emissions)
Water consumption for cooling systems (Microsoft’s data centers: 250M liters in a year)
Growth in demand intensifies environmental footprint
Key Sustainable Computing Strategies
Green AI (energy-efficient AI models, transfer learning)
Cloud Optimization (dynamic scaling, edge computing, renewable energy)
Circular Computing (recycling, refurbishing hardware, modular designs)
Green AI Initiatives
Energy-intensive AI models (GPT-3 CO2 emissions)
Efficient AI models requiring less power
NVIDIA’s hardware optimization (DGX-A100 cutting energy by 30%)
Cloud Optimization Efforts
Dynamic resource scaling (adjusting server capacity)
Edge computing for energy efficiency
Google Cloud’s sustainability goals (carbon-free energy by 2030, ML optimizing cooling)
Circular Computing & Hardware Sustainability
E-waste concerns (57M metric tonnes in 2021)
Dell’s recycling & refurbishing initiatives
Apple’s modular design challenges (repairability vs. sleekness)
Consumer & Developer Actions
Energy-efficient solutions (choosing greener platforms)
Refurbished tech purchases
Optimized coding for lower power usage
Supporting eco-friendly companies
Handling legal risks in IT Projects
Definition of Legal Risks in IT Projects
Potential issues leading to financial loss or legal disputes.
Risks include breach of contract, intellectual property violations, data protection breaches, and non-compliance with regulations.
Legal risks can arise at any stage: initiation, development, deployment, and beyond.
Common Legal Risks Encountered
Contract Disputes
Unclear or poorly drafted contracts lead to disagreements over scope, deliverables, and timelines.
Potential for court cases and costly delays.
Data Privacy and Security
Regulations like GDPR mandate strict compliance.
Breaches can result in fines and loss of trust.
Intellectual Property (IP) Issues
Ownership disputes over software, algorithms, and other IP.
Compliance with Industry Standards
Sectors like healthcare and finance require strict regulatory adherence
Non-compliance can lead to severe penalties.
Case Studies Highlighting Legal Risks
NHS National Programme for IT (UK) (2002–2011)
Contract disputes with vendors like BT and CSC.
Costs escalated to £12 billion before cancellation
Lesson: Poorly defined contracts lead to failed projects
Facebook–Cambridge Analytica Scandal (2018):
Unauthorized harvesting of personal data from millions of users
Resulted in $5 billion fine from FTC
Triggered stricter global privacy regulations.
Lesson: Adhering to data protection laws is critical
Oracle vs. Google IP Dispute (2010–2021):
Oracle sued Google for copyright infringement over Java APIs.
US Supreme Court ruled in Google's favor under fair use.
Lesson: IP protection must be clearly defined
Key Legal Protections for IT Projects
Comprehensive Contracts
IP Agreements
Data Protection Compliance
Liability Clauses
Best Practices for Avoiding Legal Risks
Early Involvement of Legal Teams
Regular Audits and Compliance Checks
Document Everything
Training for Teams
Emerging Legal Challenges in New Technologies
AI: liability for algorithmic decisions
Blockchain: Regulatory uncertainty around decentralized systems
Quantum Computing: Future concerns in cybersecurity laws