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Group Behavior (Groups - collection of individuals who are perceived to be…

- - - - Frequency of interaction
      - Importance of group
      - Common goals
      - Member similarity
    - - More structured, homogeneous
      - Clearer group boundaries
- - - - Mere presence
      - Evaluation apprehension
        
        Social comparison
        
        Distraction conflict theory
      - Public self-awareness
  - - - Collective effort model (CEM)
    - - Free rider effect
      - Social loafer
    - - Drive model
      - Output equity
    - - Make individual contribution identifiable
      - Make tasks challenging, appealing or involving
      - Attractive rewards
      - Allow groups to be composed of friends
- - - - One-upmanship
      - "Band wagon" effect
      - Normative influence
  - - - Highly cohesive groups from similar backgrounds
      - Isolation from outside opinions
      - No clear decision-making rules
      - Threatening situational context
      - Strong, directive leadership
    - - Overestimation of the ingroup
        
        Illusion of invulnerability
        
        Unquestioned belief in the group's morality/superiority
      - Close-mindedness
        
        Collective rationalization
        
        Stereotyped view of outgroup
      - Increased conformity pressure
        
        Self-censorship
        
        Illusion of unanimity
        
        Self-appointed mindguards
        
        Direct pressure on dissenters
    - - Impartial leadership
      - Improve decision making procedures
      - Assign a devil's advocate
      - Include outside sources
      - Divide team into smaller discussion groups
      - Encourage constructive critiques
      - Subject decisions to scrutiny
  - - - Endorse cooperative behavior
      - Encourage stronger social identification
      - Communicate with group members