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Diabetes (Groups at risk (Pregnant women, People aged over 45 years,…
Diabetes
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Extent
Type 2 diabetes is one of the major consequences of the obesity epidemic - combo of massive changes and the food supply, combined with massive changes to physical activity with more sedentary work and less activity
Around 1.7 million Australia’s have diabetes. This included all types of diagnosed diabetes (1.2 million) and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (500,000 estimated)
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Protective Factors
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Low-fat, salt and sugar diet
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Nature
Type 1 Diabetes - Insulin Dependent Diabetes (IDD) --> Pump
- Auto-immune condition in which the immune system is activated to destroy the cells in the pancreas which produce insulin
- Not linked to modifiable lifestyle factors
- There is no cure and it cannot be prevented
- 10% of all diabetes cases
Type 2 Diabetes - Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes (NIDD)
- Is a progressive condition in which the body becomes resistant to the normal effect of insulin and/or gradually loses the capacity to produce enough insulin in the pancreas
- Associated with modifiable lifestyle risk factors
- Strong genetic and family related risk factors
- 85-90% of all diabetes cases
Diabetes = a group of diseases where the body is unable to breakdown and use sugar
The body produces insulin, which is hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin helps the body use glucose (sugars) for energy.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) – pregnancy only
- Usually goes away after the baby is born
- Diagnosed when higher than normal blood glucose levels first appear in pregnancy
- Fastest growing type of diabetes in AUS prevalent
- All women are tested for gestational diabetes as part of the 24-28-week routine examination with their GP
Determinants
Socioeconomic
Employment - can have effect on selecting the cheaper unhealthier food options as they may not have the excess money to spend on expensive fresh foods and vegetables, or to pay gym memberships or soccer club fees etc.
Education - Can play a significant role in breaking the cycle of poor lifestyle choices (eg. PDHPE = compulsory years 7-10 --> allows students to gain a basic knowledge for life skills and choices)
Income - Reduced access to physical activity options because of cost, greater consumption of unhealthy foods
Environmental
Geographical Location - can restrict the availability and accessibility of physical activity environments
Food Accessibility - Affected by location e.g. 26% of ATSI compared to 2% Non-ASTI live in rural/remote areas so reduces their access to health services, transport and fresh fruit and vegetables
Sociocultural
Culture - Higher rates of diabetes found in ATSI (3x more likely), and obese people, older Australians and people born in rural and remote areas due to poor standards of living, low birth weight and reduced access to medical care
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