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Amino Acid derived hormones (increase glucose levels in blood…
Amino Acid derived hormones
insulin
diabetes (greek for siphon/polyuria)
melitis (latin for sweet/hyperglycemia)
Most common small animal emergency
(diabetic ketoacidosis)
Pathological consequences of diabetes melitis
blindness
kidney failure
neuropathies
hypertension
stroke
heart disease
impotence
amputations
3rd leading cause of death in USA.
2nd most common endocrine disease in cats.
3rd in dog.
metabolic consequences
CANNOT USE GLUCOSE. STARVING CELLS EVEN THOUGH THERE'S PLENTY IN THE BODY
increased gluconeogenesis, increased glycogenolysis, hyperglycemia is the result.
causes:
polyuria
naturesis
kaluresis
hypovolemia
dehydration
polydipsia
Glycogenolysis increased
Increased glucocorticoids
increased catabolism
causes weight loss and muscle atrophy
increased stress
#
Lipids
increased fatty acids
increased hepatic acetyl coA
increased ketone bodies
Acetone
acetoacetic acid
Beta-hydroxybuterate
Glucose levels rise
pancreatic beta cells monitor blood sugar
GLUT2 transporter--> results in release of calcium into the cell
insulin released to break down glucose
insulin causes GLUT4 to be placed onto the cell membrane
GLUT4 on cell surface increases glucose transport into the cell
thyroid hormone
increase glucose levels in blood
estrogens/androgens
j
Cortisol
j
Epinephrine
j
Glucagon
j
Decrease glucose levels in blood
Insulin