Cell Walls for plants are composed of cellulose. Cellulose is a complex sugar at is is used to provide protection and structure. The Wall consists of three layers. These layers help the plant avoid insects and pathogens that may harm them. The cell wall can be vaulnrable because they have plasmodesmata which are small holes that allow nutrients to enter the cell, also waste exits the cell from them. The cell wall provides support and limited plasticity, prevents loss of water, filters it, prevents over expansion from water and allows the plant to grow.

Centrioles are organelles included in every animal cell, they mainly are involved in dividing. They have important jobs and functions when it comes to meiosis and mitosis, they usually are located by the nucleus. A centriole is a small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way. There are nine groups of microtubules. Centrioles duplicate when it comes time to divide, an example would be four pairs of centrioles during a division moving in separate directions until they multiply.

The Cell Membrane is the semi-permeable(allows certain substances to pass through) shield that surrounds all cells. Cell membranes are built of a phospholipid(fats) layer that has various proteins. Essentially, what the membrane does is give structure and passage. In specific, for plant cells the cell membrane is an outside boundary of the cell. The membrane is capable of holding the cytoplasm inside, and this is important as it helps the cell expand under different conditions(environmental). This characteristic is urgent as it helps the plant survive in optimal situations. Animal cells use the membrane in their organelles as well, in the centrioles, chromosomes, cilia and flagella, etc. and more.

The cytoplasm is consisting all of the contents outside the nucleus and is always enclosed with a membrane. It has a jelly-like appearance with a clear visual color, and it consists of mainly water, but contains enzymes, molecules, organelles and salts. The cytoplasm functions to eliminate and support organelles as well as molecules. Many processes(cellular) occur in the cytoplasm. Processes such as protein-synthesis, cellular respiration, mitosis, and meiosis. The cytoplasm also helps move hormones around the cell to dissolve waste. The plasma(cell) membrane provides help for the cytoplasm as it encloses it and prevents the cytoplasm from spilling out of the cell. Animal and plant cytoplasm's have pretty much the same functions

Ribosomes are composed of two sub-units, a large one and a smaller one. The subunits are located in the nucleolus through nucleus pores. When the ribosomes make contact with the RNA the subunits join together during protein-synthesis. Ribosomes also create a joint in amino acids to form polypeptide chains, which soon become proteins, but need further modification. In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes fall under the cytosol and bound to the ER, ribosomes help translate mRNA as well.

The nucleus is a membrane(nuclear envelope) bound organelle that is referred to as "The Brain of The Cell" because of its characteristics. The nucleus is the control center of the cell. Composed of RNA and proteins, the nucleolus is a membrane-less part of the nucleus, it helps synthesize the ribosomes by using RNA subunits. The nucleus stores DNA and proteins(chromatin) in the nucleoplasm.

The mitochondrion is a major feature in distinguishing between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. This is a double-membraned organelle that contains it's own ribosomes and DNA, Each of the membranes are embedded with proteins in a phospholipid bilayer. Mitochondrion are involved in cellular respiration through the production of ATP with the usage of the energy from nutrients. They also generate clusters of iron and sulfur, which are important in terms of enzymes.

The vacuole is found in many different types of cells, Vacuoles are fluid-filled, enclosed structures that are separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane. They are mostly found in plant cells, but can also be found in other cells such as animal cells. Vacuoles in plant cells tend to be much bigger(the central vacuole can go up to 90%). The vacuole is responsible to important functions as they are nutrient storage, detoxification, and waste exportation. The vacuole controls pressure, growth, and storages minerals, water, nutrients, ions, waste products, small molecules, enzymes, and plant pigments.​

Chloroplasts, similar to the mitochondria, they have their own ribosomes and DNA, but no where near the same function. Chloroplast carry out a process called photosynthesis, Photosynthesis is the series of reactions that use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose and oxygen. This is a big difference between plants and animals as plants are able to make their own food, like sugars, while animals must ingest their food.

The Golgi complex(apparatus) is the manufacturing and shipping center of a eukaryotic cell, the Golgi complex is known for manufacturing, warehousing, and shipping certain cellular products, especially ones from the endoplasmic reticulum(ER). The Golgi body is composed of flat sacs known as cisternae. Molecules in the ER exit to reach the Golgi complex. Once the molecules get to the transaction faze of the Golgi, vesicles are formed/made to transfer materials to other places.

When a human blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, it will expand and become bigger than its organic size. This will happen due to the lack of the substance of control. This then overflows, and overtakes the vacuole with h20 causing the cell to dilate in a larger way. Because the cell has membranes and a wall, something strong enough to hold h2o, the cell will look large and most likely stay as it is, a prime blood cell.