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Breast Cancer (Extent (risk of being diagnosed, increases with age,…
Breast Cancer
Extent
risk of being diagnosed, increases with age
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As population ages, likely to see a gradual increase in number of Australian men diagnosed with breast cancer each year
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In men, five-year survival rate is high
Nature
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men and women can develop breast cancer - uncommon in men (in men, breast tissue located behind the nipple)
Determinants
Socioeconomic
Employment - career may put off having child until later, increasing risk
Education - awareness of risk factors, health services (e.g. Breast screening, self-checks)
Low SES or unemployment - higher death rates because income can limit food choices and access to health and exercise facilities
Environmental
Rural and remote areas - people at more risk as they have less access to health information, health services, technology
Access to health service - may not have access to mammogram or regular doctor, pre-scanning
Sociocultural
Religion - some religions enforce early marriage, therefore early childbirth decreasing risk, less likely to be on pill
Media - awareness for breast checks --> both yourself, GP and breast screening
Family - family history (hereditary), time of giving birth, first menstruation and menopause
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Protective Factors
Access to free screening - women over 50 yrs - free screening mammograms every two years via the Breast Screen Australia Program --> recommends that women with strong family history of breast cancer seek screening
Lower alcohol consumption and maintaining healthy weight - no proven maths of prevention however risk is greatly reduced
Groups at Risk
Women - most common cancer in women
- women who have never given birth
- obese women
- women aged over 50 years
- women who have direct relative with breast cancer
- women who start menstruation at an early age
- women who have late menopause
- women exposed to females hormones (eg. the pill)