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Solving Problems in Groups and Teams (Setting Stage for Problem Solving…
Solving Problems in Groups and Teams
Problem Solving in Group: When and Why
Advantage
Accuracy
Resources
Three brains are better than one.
Commitment
I usually work harder in groups since it effects other people.
Diversity
When to Use Groups for Problem Solving
Is it beyond the capacity of 1 person?
Are Individuals' Tasks Interdependent
Is there more than one decision or solution?
Setting Stage for Problem Solving
Basic Skills
Building Cohesiveness
cohesiveness - the degree to which members feel connected with and committed to their group
Share goals
Progress toward goals
Share norms and values
Interdependence of members
Developmental Stages in Problem-Solving Groups
Oriental stage - members approach the problem tentatively
Conflict stage - members take strong positions and defend them against those who oppose.
Emergence stage - after the period of conflict
Reinforcement stage - members accept group's decision.
Groups Problem-Solving Strategies and Format
Formats
Breakout groups ca be used to maximize participation
problem census works especially well when someone are more vocal than others
Focus group are used as a market research tool to enable sponsoring organization to learn how potential users regards a new idea
Parliamentary procedure observes specific rules about how topics may be discussed and decisions made.
Panel discussion, in which participants talk over the topic informally
Symposium - the participants divide the topic in a manner that allows each member to deliver in-depth information without interruption.
Forum
Dialogue
Solving Problem in Virtual Groups
Members can't see each others freely, but they may feel more comfortable to express ideas
Approaches and Stages in Problem Solving
A structured Problem-Solving Approach
Identify the Problem
Analyze the Problem
Word the Problem as a Broad Question
Identify Criteria for Success
Gather Relevant Information
Identify Supporting and Restraining Forces
Develop Creative Solutions
Brainstorm
Use the Nominal Group Technique
Evaluate Possible Solutions
Implement the Plan
Follow Up in the Solution
Decision Making Methods
Consensus occurs when all member of a group support a decision
Majority Control
Expert Opinion
Minority Contro,l
Authority Rule
Overcoming Dangers in Groups Discussion
Information Underload and Overload
Information underload occurs when a group lack information necessary to operate effectively
Example: A business group has to be aware of all the cost to avoid bankrupt.
Information overload - occurs when the rate or complexity of material is too great to manage.
Example: There was a group project where we did too much research and we couldn't handle everything
Unequal Participation
During my high school, group work is considered to be a nightmare for me. I considered it to be individual work since no one else is putting effort to the project.
Pressure to Conform
Groupthink - describe a group's collective striving for unanimity that discourages realistic appraisals