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ENERGY AND ITS TRANSFORMATION (Environmental impact (Environmental impact…
ENERGY AND ITS TRANSFORMATION
Non-coventional power plants
Types
Geothermal power plants
Biomass thermal power plants
Solar power plants
Photovoltaic power plant
Photo-thermal power plant
Ocean power plants
Energy from
Waves
From the ocean's thermal gradient
Tides
Wind power plants and wind farms
Advantages and disvantages
Disvantages
They generate much less energy, since they use difusse energy sources.
Advantages
They use renewable sources
Reduce the energy dependece of petroleum and natural gas.
Contaminate much less than conventional power plants
Electricity
Electric power plants
How it works
Turbine-alternator system
Alternator
Has a fixed part, called a stator, and a moving part,
called a rotor, connected to the turbine shaft.
Turbine
Converts mechanical energy into the rotating movement
of a shaft.
Definition
Electric power plants are facilities where pnmary or secondary energy is transformed into electricity. Once electricity is generated, it must be transported to towns, cities or industrial parks.
Transport and distribution of electrical energy
Several processes
Decreasing the voltage at the electricity substations to 3-30 kV.
Transporting it by high voltage cable attached to towers.
Distribution to homes, offices, industries and public facilities During this stage, the voltage is reduced to 230-400 V.
Increasing the voltage to 220 000 V or 400 000 V to prevent
significant energy loss, due to the Joule effect.
Definition
Electricity is the most widely used form of energy industrialised socities for two reasons:
It can be transported long distances inexpensively and with very
httle energy being lost
It can be easily transformed into other forms of energy, such as
light and heat.
Conventional power plants
Fossil fuel thermal power plants
Combined cycle power plants
Electricity is generated as a result of two combined cycles, a cycle that uses air and gas, and a conventional thermal cycle .
Water is heated in a boiler by the heat generated from the combustion of a fossil fuel, usually natural gas or coal.
Hydroelectric power plants
Types
Pump-driven
Gravity-driven
This type of power plant uses the potential energy provided by the height of the stored water in a dam, converting it into kinetic energy.
Nuclear power plants
Main fuel used
Uranium
Nuclear fission reactor that produrces the pressuried steam needed to move the turbime rotor.
Energy sources
Uses
Industriual uses
Household uses
Definition
Energy sources are natural resources from which we obtain different forms of energy that can be transformed for a specific use.
Clasification
By environmental impact
Pollutants
Clean or non-polluting
By use in each country
Conventional
Non-conventional
By availability in nature and capacity for regeneration
Non-rewenable
Renewable
By origin
Secondary
Primary
Environmental impact
Waste treatment
Nuclear power plants
Thermal power plants
Environmetnal impacts
Fuel transport
Electricity generation
Conventional thermal power plants
Nuclear thermal power plants
Hydroelectric power plants
Extraction of natural resources
Final energy use
Some solutions
Energy savings
Energy diversification
Efficiency
Environmental impact assessment
Wind power
Advantages
Clean
Possible domestic production
Reduces dependence on other fuels
Type of energy consumed
Renewable
Disadvantages and risks
Discontinuous and random
Risk of accidents
Low levels of performance
Environmental impact
Non-polluting
Visual and sound impact
Solar
Advantages
Clean
Possible production for own use
Reduces dependence on other fuels
Type of energy consumed
Renewable
Disadvantages and risks
High installation costs
Discontinuous and random
Low levels of performance
Environmental impact
Non-pollution
Affects ecosystems as it covers large areas
Biomass
Advantages
Reuses forestry and household waste
Reduces dependence on other fuels
Type of energy consumed
Renewable
Disadvantages and risks
Increases the greenhouse effect
Excessive exploitation of natural resources
Environmental impact
Beneficial if used correctly
Nuclear
Advantages
Great capacity and high perofrmance
Type of energy consumed
Non-renewable
Disadvantages and risks
Danger of nuclear disaster
Risk of radiation emissions
Radioactive waste
Environmental impact
Non-recyclable waste pollutants
Danger of radiation contamination
Ocean power
Advantages
Clean, quiet
Reduces dependence on other fuels
Type of energy consumed
Renewable
Disadvantages and risks
Low level of performances
High installation costs
Environmental impact
Environmental changes resulting from required construction work
Fossil fuel thermal power plant
Advantages
Great capacity and high performance
Type of energy consumed
Non-renewable
Disadvantages and risks
Increases the greenhouse effect
Negative impact on ecosistems
Respiratory diseases
Environmental impact
Atmospheric pollution from gas combustion
Warm water released from the cooling system
Hydroelectric
Advantages
Great capacity and high performance
Type of energy consumed
Renewable
Disadvantages and risks
Risk of the disappearance of flora and fauna
Risk of disaster if a dam breaks
Environmental impact
Some lands are left underwater
Diverting of the natural course
Change in the natural environment
