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What is equity in Climate Change? (Capacity (Domestic Constraints (3) ((2)…
What is equity in Climate Change?
Definition:
set of ideals that shapes the views of what's fair or just
Interest: what is best for an individual nation
Equity: represents common good
Equality
Egalitarianism (6)
atmosphere of common good
4
emissions proportional to each countries pollution equal share per capita
5
developing countries in favor
3
complex allocation
6
environmental effectiveness
1
implies uneven costs and benefits
2
Sovereignty (6)
1 takes current emission as status quo
2 based on notion of historic entitlement
developing countries against it
6 rewarding high emitters, penalizing low emitters
5 institutionalizing inequality
4 particular national circumstances not considered
3 highly uneven costs
Comparability (4)
2 Based on equality of
effort
between countries in addressing climate change
4 takes into account the different marginal abatement costs
developing countries
1 unfair to expect equal effort to solve a problem they have contributed less to and have less to contribute
3 Carbon leakage agreement: energy intensive production processes may be directed away from developed countries to developing countries only if developed countries take on reduction targets
Responsibilities
Benefits (2)
inequitable if countries put equal effort into to reduce but
don't receive equal benefits
(1)
developing countries have Short run concerns (2)
Polluter pays principle (3)
addressing climate change should take into account each countries responsibility , HISTORICALLY, CURRENTLY & CHANGE INS FUTURE (2)
favored by developing countries (1)
difficult to apply (3)
climate change continuous problem
evidence required
where do we start
Chain of cause and effect complex and uncertain extent and distribution of damage, difficult to quantity.
Capacity
Economic Situation and Resource Availability (1)
(1) developed countries have better access to technologies as well as institutional capital, financial and human capital for development and implementation
Basic Needs (1)
(1) concerns such as poverty eradication and meeting basic needs of population must be given priority over climate change
Domestic Constraints (3)
(2) domestic constraints on government action affects ability
(3) often difficult to see costly action to address climate change as in national interests
(1) pressure of competing interests groups constraints
Opportunities (3)
(1) variation in ability
fossil fuel reliance
level of energy efficiency
ease of cost and effectiveness in using clean
(2) inequitable for countries with little opportunity to reduce emissions to be required to do the same as others
(3) some economies highly dependent on income from fossil fuel intensive production particularly vulnerable
egalitarianism
Developing counties in Favor
Polluter pay principle
tech, wealth, skills & info, infrastructure, opportunities, isntitutions