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Islam (Muhammad (Aged 40-Vision of the Arcangel Gabriel (Chosen to convine…

- - - - Political structure of Caliphates
        
        Caliph
        
        Highest religious and political authority
        
        Viziers or ministers
        
        acted as advisors to caliphs, eventually took charge of important matters
        
        Emirs
        
        governors of the empire provinces and territories
        
        Qadis or judges
        
        charge of handing justice
        
        Diwans or treasurers
        
        collected taxes
- - - - obtain water from sub-oil
      - they collected rainwater
    - - small canals through which they distribute water
    - - make cultivation easier in hilly areas
  - - - sea trade routes
- - - - Exchange of special taxes
- - - - Allah and Muhammad
    - - 5 times a day
        
        Dawn
        
        Mid-day
        
        Afternoon
        
        Sunset
        
        Night Time
      - Facing Mecca