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Hybrid Project Scope (Customer Requirements (Reduce TCO, Reduce noise /…
Hybrid Project Scope
Architecture
Series Hybrid
Plug In Hybrid
Range Extender
ICE not connected to drive train
Parallel Hybrid
Mild Hybrid
Oversized Alternator
Stop/Start Launch assist
Engine & EM connected to Drive Train
Full Electric
Diesel
Hydraulic Hybrid
Cost Effective
Infractruture Exists
Robost
High Power Density
Existing Components
Modular
Tailored to application
Alternate Fuels
Petrol
LPG
CNG
Fuel cells
Distributed system topology
Flywheel hybrid
Mechanical clutch
Hydraulic
Electric
Degrades with time, can be used for peaks
Eco/power mode
TEG
2% thermal energy convert to electric
Drivers
Social Responsibility
Pollution
9 million premature deaths worldwide
TCO
Legislation
Emissions
Stage V
National/Urban Legislation
Paris 2040
China 2040
CA, US 2035
London 2040
Germany 2030
Noise
Site legislation
Restricted areas
Safety Zones
Emission Zones
Noise Zones
Industry Trends
GM 100% Electric (No Date)
Tesla Truck Nov 16th
Volvo All Hybrid/electric 2019
Battery Costs Dropping
Urbanisation
Energy Prices
Autonomy
Incentives/Subsidies
Customer Requirements
Reduce TCO
Reduce noise / Night Deliveries
Drive Indoors / Electric Only
Terrain-ability
Tenders based on "green" credentials
Capacity
Range / Duty Cycle / Distance
Driver Comfort/fatigue
Driver Interaction
Less skilled drivers
Ground speed
Tyre wear
Telematics - productivity
Infrastructure
Maintenance costs
Cost
Functionality (Options)
Design Considerations
Energy Storage
Battery
Chemistry
Modular design
Ratio peak power to average power
Energy per cycle
Down time per cycle
Charging option
Truck
Opportunistic
Overnight
Super-Capacitor
Quick charge/discharge
Voltage
48V
High current - Thermal Dissipation on Connectors
Low Speeds
Cabling / packaging requirements
Easier source components
Contactors
Fuse ratings
High Voltage (>60V)
Safety
Legislation
Dual voltage system
Lower efficiencies
Thermal Mgmt Systems
Battery - Heating
Inverters - Cooling
Combined thermal system?
EFans
Distributed array
Durability
EMC
Machine Behaviour/performance
Torque and power density
Stalled conditions
Data collection
When is what system used and for how long
Typical applications
E-motors
Axial flux
Position feedback
Large diameter - short length
Cube ratio diameter to power
High cost
Radial flux
Square ratio diameter to power
Continuous and peak duty
20s peak or 60s peak
Cooling
End of life
Hydraulic Efficiency
Digital Pumps
New Poclain Pumps
"Pro-Future M5"
Control
Software
Over the air updates
Safety EN 13849
Limp home
Safe mode
Component compatibility
Hardware
Configuration mgmt
Calibration
Sales
Technical Sale
Application & Duty Cycle Knowledge
Develop Duty Cycle Tool
Categorise Applications
Payback Calc
Constraints
Space
Weight
Simple calc to show battery requirement for M8
Cost
Legislation
Service
Battery Life .
Battery Storage
Warranty Considerations
Training
Parts commonality
Software
Infrastructure (tooling etc)
Working Services
Electric
Future developments
Life is load dependent
Energy Recovery
Hydraulic Efficiency
Production
Electrical capabilities
Testing capabilities
Safe mode
Storage
Controller programming
Common chassis
Testing
Standards
Develop a TMFL standard for fuel efficiency
Lab testing
Simulation
Field