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thrombosis and embolism types (potential outcomes (sequelae) (propagation:…
thrombosis and embolism types
potential outcomes
(sequelae)
propagation:
can keep forming and this will cause an obstruction
embolization:
thrombi may dislodge and travel to other sites in vasculature (ex: PE)
dissolution:
they may be removed by fibrinolytic activity
organization and recanalization:
they may induce inflammation, fibrosis, and re-endothelization, ultimately re-establish vascular flow
embolization
(of blood)
99% come from dislodged thrombi
result in ischemic necrosis
PE
more than 95% of PE's occur due to a DVT (a thrombus in the deep veins of the leg)
can occur in the main pul. artery, bifurcation (saddle embolus), or block branching arterioles
paradoxical embolism:
embolus passes through and interventicular defect to gain access to systemic cir.
systemic thromboembolism
arise from thrombi in arterial circulation
80% are from
mural thrombi
(thrombus from a left ventricular wall infarct)
20% are from aortic aneurysms, athero., valvular dx
site of involvement: BLE, brain, intestines, spleen, kidneys
other types of emboli
fat embolism
: happens w/ fracture of long bones releases bone marrow (really thrombogenic) and fat globules enter cir.
air embolism:
gas bubbles are free in circulation and can block blood flow (ex: the Bends, or from a chest wall injury)
tumor embolism:
tumor enters circulation (rare) (ex: left atrial myxoma, bronchogenic carcinoma)
amniotic fluid embolism:
amnio. membrane tear and rupture of uterine veins can allow amni. fluid into maternal blood (up to 80% mortality b/c potential for DIC)